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Un nuevo cráneo del primer Homo de Dmanisi, Georgia
Abesalom Vekua1, David Lordkipanidze, G Philip Rightmire
1Georgian State Museum, Georgian Academy of Sciences, 3 Purtseladze Street, Tbilisi 380007, Georgia.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 6, 2002
Resumen
Se ha descubierto un nuevo cráneo de homínido de Dmanisi, Georgia, fechado hace 1.75 millones de años. Este fósil primitivo de Homo erectus sugiere que los primeros antepasados humanos se dispersaron de África antes de que surgiera el grado de Homo erectus.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La paleoantropología es la paleoantropología.
- Arqueología Arqueología.
- Geología Geología Geología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El yacimiento de Dmanisi en la República de Georgia ha arrojado importantes restos de homínidos.
- Los descubrimientos anteriores en Dmanisi incluyen porciones craneofaciales, fósiles de animales y artefactos de piedra.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para analizar un cráneo de homínido recién recuperado del yacimiento de Dmanisi.
- Clasificar provisionalmente el nuevo espécimen dentro del género Homo.
- Comprender la dispersión y evolución de los primeros homínidos.
Principales métodos:
- Excavación y recuperación de fósiles de homínidos, fósiles de animales y artefactos de piedra.
- Análisis anatómico comparativo del nuevo cráneo con los especímenes existentes de Dmanisi y otros fósiles de homínidos.
- Datación radiométrica de los estratos del sitio de Dmanisi.
Principales resultados:
- Un nuevo cráneo de homínido fue recuperado de estratos que datan de hace aproximadamente 1.75 millones de años.
- Los especímenes de Dmanisi, incluido el nuevo cráneo, se consideran los fósiles más primitivos y de cerebro pequeño asignados al Homo erectus (= ergaster).
- A pesar de las variaciones anatómicas menores, los homínidos de Dmanisi probablemente representan un solo taxón, estrechamente relacionado con el tallo de tipo habilis.
Conclusiones:
- El nuevo cráneo de Dmanisi se asigna provisionalmente al Homo erectus (=ergaster).
- Estos hallazgos sugieren que los antepasados de los primeros homínidos emigraron fuera de África antes de la evolución del grado típico de Homo erectus.
- La población de Dmanisi representa un eslabón crucial en la comprensión de la evolución humana temprana y la dispersión.
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