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La pérdida de carbono del ecosistema con la invasión de plantas leñosas de los pastizales
Robert B Jackson1, Jay L Banner, Esteban G Jobbágy
1Department of Biology and Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0340, USA. jackson@duke.edu
Nature
|August 9, 2002
Resumen
La invasión de plantas leñosas en los pastizales puede aumentar el almacenamiento de carbono, pero este efecto depende de las lluvias. Las áreas más secas obtienen carbono del suelo, mientras que las áreas más húmedas lo pierden, sobreestimando potencialmente los sumideros de carbono terrestres.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ecología Ecología Ecología.
- Biogeoquímica La biogeoquímica es la bioquímica.
- Ciencia del Cambio Climático Ciencia del Cambio Climático
Sus antecedentes:
- A menudo se asume que la expansión de la vegetación leñosa en pastizales, sabanas y desiertos aumenta el almacenamiento de carbono del ecosistema.
- Esta expansión se considera un contribuyente significativo, aunque incierto, al sumidero de carbono terrestre.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar el impacto de la invasión de plantas leñosas en los presupuestos de carbono y nitrógeno a través de un gradiente de precipitación.
- Para comparar la dinámica del carbono y el nitrógeno en praderas invadidas versus no invadidas.
Principales métodos:
- Estudió seis pares de pastizales adyacentes con diferentes invasiones de plantas leñosas.
- Se analizaron los presupuestos de carbono y nitrógeno y los perfiles del delta del suelo ((13) C a lo largo de un gradiente de precipitación (200 1,100 mm yr ((-1)).
- Comparó los sitios invadidos (30-100 años) con las praderas no invadidas adyacentes.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó una relación negativa entre la precipitación y los cambios en el contenido de carbono orgánico y nitrógeno del suelo debido a la invasión leñosa.
- Los sitios de pastizales más secos ganaron carbono orgánico del suelo, mientras que los sitios más húmedos experimentaron pérdidas significativas.
- Las pérdidas de carbono del suelo en áreas más húmedas fueron lo suficientemente sustanciales como para anular las ganancias en carbono de la biomasa vegetal.
Conclusiones:
- El sumidero de carbono terrestre puede estar sobreestimado por las evaluaciones actuales que se basan en las invasiones de plantas leñosas.
- El impacto de la invasión de plantas leñosas en el almacenamiento de carbono es altamente dependiente de los niveles locales de precipitación.
- Confiar en las invasiones de plantas leñosas para compensar las emisiones puede ser inexacto debido a los efectos variables de almacenamiento de carbono.
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