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La hormona intestinal PYY (((3-36) inhibe fisiológicamente la ingesta de alimentos
Rachel L Batterham1, Michael A Cowley, Caroline J Small
1Imperial College Faculty of Medicine at Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
Nature
|August 9, 2002
Resumen
El péptido YY ((3-36) (PYY ((3-36)), una hormona intestinal, reduce la ingesta de alimentos y el aumento de peso mediante la activación del receptor Y2 (Y2R) en el hipotálamo. Este descubrimiento pone de relieve una vía intestinal-hipothalamic clave para la regulación del apetito.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neuroendocrinología en neuroendocrinología.
- La regulación del apetito.
- Las hormonas gastrointestinales
Sus antecedentes:
- La regulación hipotalámica de la ingesta de alimentos involucra a los sistemas de melanocortina y neuropéptido Y (NPY).
- El receptor NPY Y2 (Y2R) está altamente expresado en las neuronas NPY en el núcleo arcuado, un centro clave de control del apetito.
- El péptido YY ((3-36) (PYY ((3-36)), un agonista Y2R, se libera desde el intestino después de la comida.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el papel de PYY ((3-36) periférico en la regulación de la ingesta de alimentos y el peso corporal.
- Para determinar si los efectos anoréxicos de PYY ((3-36) son mediados por el receptor Y2.
Principales métodos:
- Inyecciones periféricas e intraarcuadas de PYY ((3-36) en ratas y ratones (incluidos los ratones Y2r-null).
- Medición de la ingesta de alimentos, el aumento de peso y los niveles de ARN mensajero Npy hipotalámico.
- Evaluación de la actividad neuronal utilizando la inmunoreactividad c-Fos y electrofisiología.
Principales resultados:
- La administración periférica de PYY ((3-36) inhibió la ingesta de alimentos y redujo el aumento de peso en ratas y ratones de tipo salvaje.
- Estos efectos estuvieron ausentes en ratones Y2r-null, confirmando el papel esencial del Y2R.
- PYY ((3-36) redujo el ARNm Npy hipotalámico, aumentó la expresión de c-Fos en el núcleo arqueado e inhibió la actividad terminal del nervio NPY, lo que sugiere la activación de la neurona POMC.
Conclusiones:
- PYY postprandial ((3-36) actúa a través del núcleo arqueado Y2R para inhibir la alimentación.
- PYY ((3-36) representa una molécula de señalización crítica en la vía intestinal-hipotalamia que regula el apetito.
- La infusión de PYY ((3-36) en humanos disminuyó significativamente el apetito y la ingesta de alimentos, apoyando su papel fisiológico.
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