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Hacia la sostenibilidad en la pesca mundial

Daniel Pauly¹, Villy Christensen, Sylvie Guénette

¹Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. d.pauly@fisheries.ubc.ca

|August 9, 2002

Resumen

Las pesquerías sostenibles no son la norma debido a agotamientos en serie enmascarados por la tecnología. El logro de la sostenibilidad requiere la reducción de la capacidad pesquera y la implementación de reservas marinas para la salud del ecosistema.

Área de la Ciencia:

Biología Marina Biología Marina.
Pesca Ciencia Pesca Ciencia
Gestión de la gestión de ecosistemas.

Sus antecedentes:

Las prácticas históricas de pesca rara vez han sido sostenibles.
Los avances tecnológicos y la expansión enmascararon el agotamiento en serie de las poblaciones de peces.
La disminución de las capturas mundiales desde finales de la década de 1980 indica una tendencia insostenible.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para analizar la sostenibilidad histórica de la pesca.
Para proyectar futuros déficits de suministro si las tendencias actuales continúan.
Proponer soluciones para lograr una pesca sostenible.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de datos y tendencias históricas de la pesca.
Evaluación del papel de la tecnología y la acuicultura.
Evaluación de las estrategias de gestión basadas en ecosistemas.

Principales resultados:

Históricamente, las pesquerías han inducido agotamientos en serie, no la sostenibilidad.
Es poco probable que la acuicultura compense la disminución de las capturas silvestres.
La reducción de la capacidad pesquera y las subvenciones es crucial.

Conclusiones:

La zonificación de los océanos en reservas marinas y áreas de pesca limitadas puede permitir una pesca sostenible.
Los ecosistemas marinos funcionales y diversos son esenciales para la recuperación de los recursos.
Se necesitan cambios de política urgentes para reducir la capacidad pesquera y los subsidios.

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