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Efectos de género del médico en la comunicación médica: una revisión metaanalítica
Debra L Roter1, Judith A Hall, Yutaka Aoki
1Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. droter@jhsph.edu
JAMA
|August 10, 2002
Resumen
Las mujeres médicos se involucran en una comunicación más centrada en el paciente y tienen visitas más largas que los médicos masculinos. Este estudio revisó sistemáticamente los patrones de comunicación de género de los médicos en la práctica médica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La Comunicación Médica es la Comunicación Médica.
- Relación médico-médico Relación médico-médico
- Estudios de género en medicina.
Sus antecedentes:
- El género del médico puede influir en las dinámicas interpersonales en la práctica médica.
- Los estudios previos sobre el género y la comunicación de los médicos están limitados por tamaños de muestra pequeños y resultados contradictorios.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar y cuantificar sistemáticamente el impacto del género del médico en la comunicación durante las visitas médicas.
Principales métodos:
- Una búsqueda exhaustiva de bases de datos en línea (1967-2001) y listas de referencia.
- La inclusión de 23 estudios observacionales y 3 grandes estudios de informes médicos.
- Extracción y análisis de datos cuantitativos utilizando los tamaños d y efecto de Cohen.
Principales resultados:
- Las mujeres médicas exhiben comportamientos de asociación más activos, conversación positiva, asesoramiento psicosocial y comunicación enfocada emocionalmente.
- Las visitas médicas con médicos femeninos son, en promedio, un 10% más largas que las de médicos masculinos.
- No se encontraron diferencias significativas de género en el intercambio de información biomédica o en la conversación social.
Conclusiones:
- Las mujeres médicos de atención primaria demuestran una comunicación más centrada en el paciente y una mayor duración de las visitas en comparación con los médicos masculinos.
- Se necesita más investigación en las subespecialidades, ya que los patrones de práctica pueden diferir.
- El género influye en los estilos de comunicación, afectando la relación paciente-médico.
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