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Pérdida de sueño y fatiga en el entrenamiento de residencia: una reevaluación
Sigrid Veasey1, Raymond Rosen, Barbara Barzansky
1Center for Sleep and Respiratory Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA. veasey@mail.med.upenn.edu
JAMA
|September 11, 2002
Resumen
La privación del sueño en los residentes médicos perjudica la función neuroconductual. Esta revisión examina los efectos de la pérdida de sueño en la cognición, el rendimiento y la salud de los residentes, explorando contramedidas como restricciones de horas de trabajo para mejorar la atención y la seguridad del paciente.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Educación médica y educación médica.
- Medicina del sueño Medicina del sueño.
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
Sus antecedentes:
- La reducción del tiempo de sueño es frecuente entre los internos y residentes médicos.
- La pérdida de sueño y la fatiga están vinculadas a trastornos neuroconductuales significativos en adultos jóvenes.
- Comprender estos efectos es crucial para el bienestar de los residentes y la seguridad del paciente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar el impacto de la pérdida de sueño en la cognición, el rendimiento y la salud en residentes quirúrgicos y no quirúrgicos.
- Evaluar la efectividad de las contramedidas para la somnolencia, incluidas las restricciones de horas de trabajo.
- Informar estrategias para minimizar la somnolencia y la fatiga durante el entrenamiento de residencia.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión sistemática de la literatura de estudios sobre la pérdida de sueño en médicos residentes.
- Análisis de la investigación sobre las alteraciones neuroconductuales resultantes de la privación del sueño.
- Examen de los datos sobre la eficacia de las intervenciones como las limitaciones de horas de trabajo.
Principales resultados:
- La pérdida de sueño afecta significativamente las funciones cognitivas y el rendimiento en los residentes.
- La fatiga asociada con la reducción del sueño afecta la salud y la seguridad en general.
- Las contramedidas actuales, incluidas las restricciones de horas de trabajo, muestran una eficacia variable.
Conclusiones:
- La privación del sueño plantea un riesgo sustancial para los médicos residentes y la atención al paciente.
- Se necesita más investigación para desarrollar estrategias efectivas para mitigar la somnolencia y la fatiga.
- La optimización del sueño y la gestión de la fatiga son fundamentales para mejorar los resultados de la capacitación de residencia.
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