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El efecto de la dieta en el riesgo de cáncer
Timothy J Key1, Naomi E Allen, Elizabeth A Spencer
1Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Gibson Building, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford OX2 6HE, UK. Tim.Key@cancer.org.uk
Lancet (London, England)
|September 24, 2002
Resumen
La dieta tiene un impacto significativo en el riesgo de cáncer, y la obesidad y el alcohol lo aumentan. Comer frutas, verduras y mantener un peso saludable puede reducir la incidencia de cáncer, especialmente los cánceres gastrointestinales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Oncología Oncología.
- Ciencias de la Nutrición Ciencias de la Nutrición
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
Sus antecedentes:
- Se estima que los factores dietéticos contribuyen a aproximadamente el 30% de los casos de cáncer en las naciones desarrolladas.
- La obesidad es un factor de riesgo conocido para varios tipos de cáncer, incluidos los cánceres de esófago, colorrectal, mama, endometrio y riñón.
- El consumo de alcohol está relacionado con cánceres de la cavidad oral, faríngeo, laríngeo, esófago y hígado, con un pequeño aumento en el riesgo de cáncer de mama.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para resumir la comprensión actual de los factores relacionados con la dieta que influyen en el riesgo de cáncer.
- Para resaltar los roles de la obesidad, el alcohol, las frutas y verduras en el desarrollo del cáncer.
- Proporcionar recomendaciones dietéticas basadas en la evidencia para la prevención del cáncer.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de los estudios epidemiológicos existentes y la literatura científica sobre la dieta y el cáncer.
- Análisis de los vínculos establecidos entre componentes dietéticos específicos y tipos de cáncer.
- Síntesis de los resultados para formular recomendaciones de salud pública.
Principales resultados:
- La obesidad eleva el riesgo de múltiples tipos de cáncer.
- El consumo de alcohol es un factor de riesgo significativo para varios tipos de cáncer.
- La ingesta suficiente de frutas y verduras probablemente reduce el riesgo de varios tipos de cáncer, especialmente los cánceres gastrointestinales.
Conclusiones:
- Se recomienda una dieta variada rica en frutas, verduras y cereales para la prevención del cáncer.
- Es crucial mantener un peso corporal saludable a través de la dieta y la actividad física.
- Se recomienda limitar el consumo de alcohol para reducir el riesgo de cáncer.
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