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Cómo las losas del manto impulsan la tectónica de placas.

Clinton P Conrad1, Carolina Lithgow-Bertelloni

  • 1Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. cpconrad@umich.edu

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Las placas tectónicas subducidas tiran de las placas de la Tierra, pero no está claro cómo. Este estudio sugiere que las losas del manto superior tiran directamente de las placas, mientras que las losas del manto inferior utilizan el flujo del manto para el movimiento de las placas impulsado por succión.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La geofísica es la geofísica.
  • La tectónica es la tectónica.
  • La geodinámica es la geodinámica.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Se debaten las fuerzas motrices detrás del movimiento de la placa tectónica de la Tierra.
  • El acoplamiento mecánico entre las losas de subducción y las placas tectónicas superpuestas sigue siendo poco comprendido.
  • Dos mecanismos propuestos son el tirón directo de la losa (fijación mecánica) y la succión de la losa (excitación del flujo del manto).

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar las contribuciones relativas de la tracción de la losa frente a la succión de la losa en la conducción de los movimientos actuales de las placas tectónicas.
  • Para determinar los mecanismos de acoplamiento entre losas de subducción y las placas tectónicas.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de la historia geológica de la subducción.
  • Estimación de la importancia relativa del tirón de la losa y la succión de la losa para los movimientos actuales de la placa.

Principales resultados:

  • Los movimientos de las placas se explican mejor con modelos en los que las losas del manto superior están unidas a las placas, proporcionando aproximadamente el 50% de la fuerza motriz a través del tirón de la losa.
  • Las losas del manto inferior están soportadas por las fuerzas viscosas del manto y contribuyen al movimiento de la placa a través de la succión de la losa.

Conclusiones:

  • Tanto el tirón de la losa como la succión de la losa son mecanismos significativos en la dinámica de las placas tectónicas.
  • La ubicación de las losas subducidas (manto superior vs. inferior) dicta su modo primario de interacción con las placas tectónicas.