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Prevalencia y tendencias del sobrepeso entre niños y adolescentes estadounidenses, 1999-2000
Cynthia L Ogden1, Katherine M Flegal, Margaret D Carroll
1Division of Health Examination Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6525 Belcrest Rd, Room 900, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA. cao9@cdc.gov
JAMA
|October 9, 2002
Resumen
El sobrepeso infantil en los EE.UU. continúa aumentando, con aumentos significativos observados en los adolescentes negros mexicano-americanos y no hispanos. Datos recientes muestran una mayor prevalencia en todos los grupos de edad en comparación con décadas anteriores.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pediátrica en la Salud Pediátrica.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- La prevalencia del sobrepeso infantil en los EE.UU. mostró una tendencia al alza entre 1976-1980 y 1988-1994.
- Las estimaciones actuales de la prevalencia de sobrepeso infantil en la década de 2000 eran desconocidas antes de este estudio.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar la prevalencia del sobrepeso en niños estadounidenses utilizando los datos nacionales más recientes.
- Para analizar las tendencias en la prevalencia de sobrepeso infantil utilizando pesos y alturas medidos.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio transversal que utiliza datos de 4722 niños (de nacimiento a 19 años) de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición de 1999-2000 (NHANES).
- El sobrepeso se definió como un índice de masa corporal (IMC) igual o superior al percentil 95 para la edad y el sexo, basado en gráficos de crecimiento establecidos.
Principales resultados:
- En 1999-2000, la prevalencia de sobrepeso fue del 15,5% (12-19 años), del 15,3% (6-11 años) y del 10,4% (2-5 años).
- Estas cifras representan un aumento de 10,5%, 11,3% y 7,2% en 1988-1994, respectivamente.
- La prevalencia del sobrepeso aumentó en más de 10 puntos porcentuales entre los adolescentes negros no hispanos y mexicanos-americanos entre 1988-1994 y 1999-2000.
Conclusiones:
- La prevalencia del sobrepeso entre los niños estadounidenses está aumentando.
- Este aumento es particularmente pronunciado entre los adolescentes negros mexicano-americanos y no hispanos.
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