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Envenenamiento por pesticidas en el mundo en desarrollo - una lista mínima de pesticidas
Michael Eddleston1, Lakshman Karalliedde, Nick Buckley
1Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of, Oxford, UK. edlestonm@eureka.lk
Lancet (London, England)
|October 22, 2002
Resumen
La intoxicación por pesticidas es una de las principales causas de muerte en los países en desarrollo. La implementación de una Lista mínima de plaguicidas, similar a la Lista de medicamentos esenciales, podría reducir las muertes al restringir el acceso a plaguicidas altamente tóxicos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Toxicología ambiental y toxicología ambiental.
- Seguridad de la Salud Global Seguridad de la Salud Global
Sus antecedentes:
- La intoxicación por pesticidas es una causa importante de mortalidad en los países en desarrollo, superando las muertes por enfermedades infecciosas.
- La regulación deficiente y el fácil acceso a los plaguicidas contribuyen a las intoxicaciones accidentales y la autolesión intencional.
- Los códigos voluntarios existentes, como los de la FAO de la ONU, han demostrado ser ineficaces debido a las limitaciones de recursos en los países en desarrollo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Proponer una estrategia para reducir las muertes relacionadas con los pesticidas en los países en desarrollo.
- Abogar por la implementación de una Lista Mínima de Pesticidas (MPL).
- Para trazar paralelos con estrategias exitosas de manejo de drogas.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión del impacto de la regulación y el acceso a los plaguicidas en las tasas de mortalidad.
- Analizando el éxito de la Lista de Drogas Esenciales (EDL) en la racionalización del uso de drogas.
- Proponer un MPL análogo para restringir el acceso a plaguicidas altamente tóxicos.
- Examinar la correlación entre el acceso restringido a sustancias nocivas y la reducción de las tasas de suicidio.
Principales resultados:
- La restricción del acceso a plaguicidas altamente tóxicos, como lo recomienda la OMS, ha llevado a una disminución de las tasas de suicidio.
- El código de conducta voluntario de la FAO ha sido ineficaz para mitigar los daños de los plaguicidas.
- Un MPL podría guiar la selección de plaguicidas más seguros para tareas específicas dentro de la gestión integrada de plagas.
Conclusiones:
- Una Lista Mínima de Pesticidas es una estrategia viable para reducir la mortalidad y la morbilidad relacionadas con los pesticidas.
- La implementación de un MPL, análogo a la Lista de Medicamentos Esenciales, puede mejorar los resultados de salud pública.
- El cambio hacia alternativas más seguras de plaguicidas puede disminuir significativamente los envenenamientos accidentales e intencionales.
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