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Contaminación del aire y salud.
Bert Brunekreef1, Stephen T Holgate
1Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80176, 3508 TD, Utrecht, Netherlands. B.Brunekreef@iras.uu.nl
Lancet (London, England)
|October 29, 2002
Resumen
La contaminación del aire, incluidas las partículas en suspensión y el ozono, está relacionada con un aumento de muertes y hospitalizaciones por problemas respiratorios y cardiovasculares. Las investigaciones indican que los efectos sobre la salud ocurren incluso a bajos niveles de exposición, sin un umbral de seguridad claro identificado.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Ambiental Salud del medio ambiente.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Toxicología Toxicología.
Sus antecedentes:
- La contaminación del aire es una preocupación significativa para la salud mundial.
- Investigaciones recientes ponen de relieve los efectos adversos para la salud de los contaminantes como la materia particulada y el ozono.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar la evidencia científica sobre los efectos en la salud de los contaminantes atmosféricos seleccionados.
- Discutir la asociación entre la exposición a la contaminación atmosférica y los resultados adversos para la salud.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de estudios a corto plazo que examinan las variaciones diarias en la contaminación del aire y los resultados de salud.
- Análisis de estudios de cohorte a largo plazo que siguen a poblaciones expuestas.
- Examen de los efectos a diferentes niveles de exposición.
Principales resultados:
- La exposición a partículas en suspensión en el aire y al ozono se asocia con un aumento de la mortalidad.
- Las admisiones hospitalarias por enfermedades respiratorias y cardiovasculares son elevadas debido a la contaminación del aire.
- Se han observado efectos adversos para la salud incluso en bajas concentraciones de contaminación.
Conclusiones:
- No se ha establecido un umbral claro para la exposición segura a partículas y ozono.
- Se necesita una investigación continua para comprender el impacto completo de la contaminación del aire en la salud.
- Las estrategias de salud pública deben considerar los riesgos asociados con los niveles actuales de calidad del aire.
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