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Efectos variables de las adiciones de nitrógeno en la estabilidad y la rotación del carbono del suelo
Jason C Neff1, Alan R Townsend, Gerd Gleixner
1Earth Surface Processes Team, Geologic Division, US Geological Survey, MS 980, Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225, USA. jneff@usgs.gov
Nature
|November 1, 2002
Resumen
La fertilización con nitrógeno acelera la descomposición del carbono del suelo en fracciones ligeras, pero estabiliza las fracciones más pesadas. El carbono del suelo a granel se mantuvo sin cambios, lo que indica limitaciones de los modelos actuales de carbono del suelo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias del suelo Ciencias del suelo.
- Biogeoquímica La biogeoquímica es la bioquímica.
- Ciencias ambientales Ciencias ambientales.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los suelos almacenan carbono terrestre significativo, crucial para comprender el ciclo global del carbono.
- Se conocen los impactos del clima en la descomposición del carbono del suelo, pero el papel del nitrógeno es incierto.
- El nitrógeno reactivo aumenta a nivel mundial debido a la agricultura y los combustibles fósiles.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar el impacto de la fertilización con nitrógeno en la dinámica del carbono del suelo.
- Para analizar la respuesta de diferentes piscinas de carbono del suelo a las adiciones de nitrógeno.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron 14C, 13C y análisis específicos de compuestos.
- Se examinó el carbono del suelo de las parcelas de fertilización de nitrógeno a largo plazo.
Principales resultados:
- Las adiciones de nitrógeno aceleraron la descomposición de las ligeras fracciones de carbono del suelo (recurso decenal).
- Las adiciones de nitrógeno estabilizaron las fracciones de carbono del suelo asociadas a los minerales (de varias décadas a siglos de vida).
- No se observaron cambios significativos en el carbono del suelo a granel.
Conclusiones:
- Los modelos actuales de piscina única son insuficientes para evaluar las respuestas de carbono del suelo al cambio ambiental.
- La disponibilidad de nitrógeno tiene un efecto complejo en el almacenamiento de carbono en el suelo.
- Se necesitan más investigaciones para comparar las altas adiciones de fertilizantes con los efectos a largo plazo de la deposición atmosférica.
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