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Factores de riesgo principales seleccionados y carga global y regional de enfermedad
Majid Ezzati1, Alan D Lopez, Anthony Rodgers
1Risk, Resources and Environmental Management Division, Resources for the Future, Washington, DC, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|November 9, 2002
Resumen
Los principales riesgos para la salud como el bajo peso, las relaciones sexuales inseguras y la presión arterial alta contribuyen significativamente a la carga mundial de enfermedades, especialmente en los países en desarrollo. Abordar estos factores ofrece beneficios sustanciales para la salud pública.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Global La salud global.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
Sus antecedentes:
- Un análisis preciso del riesgo para la salud es crucial para la prevención de enfermedades.
- La atribución tradicional de factores de riesgo limita la comparabilidad.
- Se necesita un marco unificado para el análisis global y regional de la carga de enfermedades.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Estimar las contribuciones de los principales factores de riesgo a la carga mundial y regional de enfermedades.
- Establecer un marco unificado para el análisis de factores de riesgo.
- Informar las estrategias de salud pública mediante la cuantificación del impacto de los factores de riesgo.
Principales métodos:
- Se revisaron los datos publicados y las bases de datos para 26 factores de riesgo en 14 regiones epidemiológicas.
- Fracciones atribuibles estimadas de la población utilizando la relación de la fracción de impacto potencial.
- Aplicó los hallazgos a las estimaciones de la carga global de enfermedades (GBD) para la mortalidad y la carga de enfermedades.
Principales resultados:
- El bajo peso infantil/materno, las relaciones sexuales inseguras, la presión arterial alta, el tabaco y el alcohol fueron las principales causas mundiales de la carga de la enfermedad.
- Las regiones más pobres se ven afectadas de manera desproporcionada por el bajo peso, las relaciones sexuales inseguras, el mal saneamiento, el humo en interiores y las deficiencias.
- El alcohol, el tabaco, la presión arterial alta y el colesterol alto son cargas importantes tanto en las regiones en desarrollo como en las desarrolladas.
Conclusiones:
- Los principales riesgos contribuyen sustancialmente a la carga mundial de enfermedades, superando las estimaciones anteriores.
- Los países en desarrollo soportan el peso de muchos de los principales factores de riesgo.
- Dirigirse a estos riesgos identificados puede producir beneficios significativos y subestimados para la salud pública.
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