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La industria farmacéutica como proveedor de medicamentos es una de las industrias farmacéuticas
1School of Medical Practice and Population Health, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. mddah@mail.newcastle.edu.au
Lancet (London, England)
|November 22, 2002
Resumen
Los altos precios de los medicamentos limitan el acceso a nivel mundial. Mientras se debaten los derechos de propiedad intelectual, la concesión de licencias voluntarias puede mejorar la disponibilidad de medicamentos esenciales en los países en desarrollo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La política farmacéutica en el ámbito de la salud
- Equidad en salud global equidad en salud global.
- Los derechos de propiedad intelectual.
Sus antecedentes:
- El aumento de los precios de los medicamentos crea barreras de acceso, especialmente en los países de bajos ingresos.
- Los modelos actuales de desarrollo de fármacos no abordan adecuadamente las necesidades primarias de salud de las naciones menos desarrolladas.
- La industria farmacéutica cita altos costos de desarrollo para justificar la protección de patentes y precios elevados.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar el impacto de los derechos de propiedad intelectual en la accesibilidad de la medicina.
- Explorar posibles soluciones para mejorar el acceso a los medicamentos esenciales en los países en desarrollo.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis del sistema internacional de derechos de propiedad intelectual.
- Revisión de los ajustes de las políticas de la Organización Mundial del Comercio.
- Evaluación de los modelos de diferenciación de precios y de licencias voluntarias.
Principales resultados:
- Existe controversia con respecto a la necesidad de precios altos y protección de patentes para la innovación farmacéutica.
- La Organización Mundial del Comercio ha aliviado las demandas a los países menos adelantados y ha promovido la diferenciación de precios.
- La efectividad de estas medidas para los países sin capacidad de producción nacional sigue siendo incierta.
Conclusiones:
- Los acuerdos de licencia voluntarios presentan una vía potencial para mejorar el acceso a los medicamentos esenciales.
- Abordar la asequibilidad y accesibilidad de los medicamentos requiere soluciones políticas innovadoras.
- Las estrategias mundiales de salud deben tener en cuenta los desafíos únicos que enfrentan los países en desarrollo en el acceso a los productos farmacéuticos.
Palabras clave:
Atención médica y salud pública.
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