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La facultad del lenguaje: ¿qué es, quién la tiene y cómo evolucionó?
Marc D Hauser1, Noam Chomsky, W Tecumseh Fitch
1Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. mdhauser@wjh.harvard.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 26, 2002
Resumen
La comprensión de la facultad del lenguaje requiere una investigación interdisciplinaria. La facultad de lenguaje en sentido estricto (FLN), que comprende la recursión, es exclusivamente humana y puede haber evolucionado por razones no lingüísticas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La lingüística es la lingüística de las lenguas.
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
- Neurociencia cognitiva y neurociencia cognitiva.
- La Antropología Antropología Antropología.
- Psicología Psicología Psicología.
Sus antecedentes:
- La facultad de lenguaje es un rasgo complejo que requiere un enfoque interdisciplinario.
- La investigación actual en lingüística se puede integrar con la biología evolutiva, la antropología, la psicología y la neurociencia.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Proponer una distinción entre la facultad de lenguaje en sentido amplio (FLB) y el sentido estrecho (FLN).
- Suponer que el FLN, caracterizado por la recursión, es el único componente exclusivamente humano del lenguaje.
- Sugerir que los orígenes evolutivos del FLN pueden estar fuera de la comunicación.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis conceptual que integra hallazgos de la lingüística y disciplinas científicas relacionadas.
- Hipótesis sobre la trayectoria evolutiva y los componentes únicos del lenguaje humano.
- Proponer estudios comparativos para investigar la recursión en dominios no lingüísticos.
Principales resultados:
- La facultad de lenguaje en el sentido amplio (FLB) abarca los sistemas sensorio-motor, conceptual-intencional y la recursión.
- Se supone que la facultad del lenguaje en sentido estricto (FLN) consiste únicamente en la recursividad.
- FLN se propone como el único aspecto exclusivamente humano del lenguaje.
- La evidencia sugiere que FLN podría haber evolucionado para fines distintos a la comunicación.
Conclusiones:
- La cooperación interdisciplinaria es esencial para una comprensión integral de la facultad de lengua.
- La recursión es la característica definidora y exclusivamente humana del lenguaje (FLN).
- Investigar la recursión en dominios no comunicativos (por ejemplo, cognición numérica, navegación) es crucial para comprender los orígenes evolutivos de FLN.
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