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Movilidad de arsénico y extracción de aguas subterráneas en Bangladesh
Charles F Harvey1, Christopher H Swartz, A B M Badruzzaman
1Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 26, 2002
Resumen
El envenenamiento por arsénico en Bangladesh está relacionado con la reciente entrada de carbono en las aguas subterráneas, impulsada por la producción de metano. El bombeo de riego puede exacerbar la movilización de arsénico, pero la inyección de carbono orgánico puede empeorarla.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias ambientales Ciencias ambientales.
- La geoquímica es la geoquímica.
- La hidrogeología es la hidrogeología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los altos niveles de arsénico en el agua de pozo causan envenenamiento generalizado en Bangladesh.
- La movilización de arsénico en los acuíferos es una preocupación ambiental y de salud crítica.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar el papel de la reciente entrada de carbono en la movilización de arsénico en los acuíferos de Bangladesh.
- Comprender el impacto de los procesos biogeoquímicos y el bombeo de riego en los niveles de arsénico.
- Evaluar la efectividad de las diferentes intervenciones para mitigar la contaminación por arsénico.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de datos químicos y de radiocarbono de un acuífero típico en el sur de Bangladesh.
- Experimentos de inyección de campo utilizando melaza, nitrato y agua baja en arsénico.
- Monitoreo de las concentraciones de arsénico y los parámetros biogeoquímicos relacionados.
Principales resultados:
- Las altas concentraciones de metano joven de radiocarbono indican que el carbono reciente ha impulsado procesos biogeoquímicos.
- El bombeo de riego puede extraer agua a profundidades con el máximo de arsénico disuelto.
- El carbono orgánico o sus productos de degradación pueden movilizar rápidamente el arsénico; los oxidantes pueden reducir las concentraciones.
Conclusiones:
- La reciente entrada de carbono, particularmente del carbono orgánico y sus productos de degradación, juega un papel importante en la movilización de arsénico.
- Las prácticas de riego pueden aumentar la exposición al arsénico.
- El material acuífero tiene una capacidad de absorción limitada de arsénico, lo que sugiere la necesidad de estrategias alternativas de mitigación.
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