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James P Cowen1, Stephen J Giovannoni, Fabien Kenig

  • 1Department of Oceanography, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. jcowen@soest.hawaii.edu

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La vida microbiana prospera en los fluidos de la corteza oceánica profunda. Estos fluidos de 65 ° C de la corteza oceánica de 3,5 millones de años de antigüedad soportan diversas bacterias y arqueas, lo que indica ecosistemas subterráneos activos.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La geomicrobiología es la geomicrobiología.
  • Oceanografía La oceanografía es la oceanografía.
  • Ecología microbiana Ecología microbiana.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La biosfera profunda sigue siendo en gran parte inexplorada, en particular las reservas de fluidos de baja temperatura (<100 ° C) dentro del flanco de la cresta del océano medio y la corteza de la cuenca oceánica.
  • Comprender la vida microbiana en estos entornos es crucial para comprender la biosfera subterránea de la Tierra y los ciclos biogeoquímicos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar el potencial para la vida microbiana en fluidos de la corteza geotérmicamente calentados.
  • Para caracterizar las comunidades microbianas presentes en estos entornos subterráneos profundos.

Principales métodos:

  • Despliegue de un sello experimental (CORK) en un pozo de perforación con sobrepresión para acceder y tomar muestras de fluidos de la corteza.
  • Análisis de la química de los fluidos y la composición de la comunidad microbiana utilizando la secuenciación de genes de ARN ribosomal.

Principales resultados:

  • Se encontró que los fluidos de la corteza terrestre a 65 ° C de la corteza oceánica de 3,5 millones de años apoyan el crecimiento microbiano.
  • Se identificaron diversas bacterias y arqueas, incluidas secuencias relacionadas con reductores de nitratos, reductores de sulfatos y heterótrofos fermentativos.
  • La composición de la comunidad microbiana fue consistente con la química del fluido analizado.

Conclusiones:

  • La corteza oceánica profunda alberga un ecosistema microbiano viable y diverso.
  • Los sistemas de circulación de fluidos subterráneos pueden sostener la vida microbiana, contribuyendo a los procesos biogeoquímicos globales.
  • Este estudio proporciona información crítica sobre la habitabilidad de los entornos profundos de baja temperatura de la corteza terrestre.