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El aumento del CO2 desacopla el crecimiento de la emisión de isopreno en un ecosistema agroforestal

Todd N Rosenstiel¹, Mark J Potosnak, Kevin L Griffin

¹Department of Environmental, Population, and Organismic Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA. todd.rosenstiel@colorado.edu

|January 17, 2003

Resumen

El aumento del CO2 atmosférico reduce significativamente las emisiones de isopreno de las plantaciones de álamo, desacoplándolo del crecimiento de la biomasa. Este hallazgo sugiere que el aumento de los niveles de CO2 puede compensar los impactos negativos en la calidad del aire de la expansión de los bosques agrícolas.

Área de la Ciencia:

Biogeoquímica La biogeoquímica es la bioquímica.
Fisiología vegetal Fisiología vegetal
Química de la atmósfera química de la atmósfera

Sus antecedentes:

Las emisiones de isopreno de los árboles son clave para las interacciones entre la biosfera y la atmósfera y la fotoquímica atmosférica.
Las plantaciones agroforestales pueden aumentar la contaminación por ozono y la vida útil del metano, lo que afecta el clima.
Comprender cómo los factores ambientales afectan la producción de isopreno es crucial para el modelado del clima y la calidad del aire.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar el impacto del dióxido de carbono (CO2) elevado en la emisión de isopreno y la acumulación de biomasa en las plantaciones de Populus deltoides.
Aclarar los mecanismos fisiológicos subyacentes responsables de los cambios en la producción de isopreno bajo niveles elevados de CO2.

Principales métodos:

Crecimiento de una plantación de Populus deltoides intacta bajo dos concentraciones elevadas de CO2 (800 y 1,200 μmol mol−1).
Medición de la producción de isopreno de los ecosistemas y de la biomasa de la superficie.
Análisis del contenido de dimetilalil difosfato (DMAPP) en hojas y protoplastos de hojas.
Identificación de posibles puntos de control metabólico para la síntesis de isopreno.

Principales resultados:

El CO2 elevado (800 y 1,200 μmol mol−1) redujo la producción de isopreno del ecosistema en un 21% y 41%, respectivamente.
La acumulación de biomasa por encima del suelo aumentó en un 60% y un 82% en condiciones elevadas de CO2.
El aumento de CO2 disminuyó significativamente el contenido celular de DMAPP, el sustrato para la síntesis de isopreno.
La competencia metabólica intracelular para el fosfenol piruvato fue identificada como un potencial mecanismo regulador.

Conclusiones:

El CO2 elevado desacopla la emisión de isopreno de la acumulación de biomasa en Populus deltoides.
El aumento de CO2 puede mitigar los impactos negativos en la calidad del aire asociados con la expansión de la agroforesta.
Los hallazgos tienen implicaciones para predecir la calidad del aire regional y las retroalimentaciones climáticas bajo futuros escenarios de CO2.

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