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Patrones y tendencias en el tamaño de las porciones de alimentos, 1977-1998

Samara Joy Nielsen¹, Barry M Popkin

¹Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA.

|January 22, 2003

Resumen

El tamaño de las porciones de alimentos y la ingesta de calorías han aumentado significativamente en los Estados Unidos. Estos aumentos son más pronunciados para los alimentos consumidos en establecimientos de comida rápida y en el hogar.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias de la Nutrición Ciencias de la Nutrición
Salud Pública La salud pública.
Tendencias en la dieta.

Sus antecedentes:

Faltaban datos empíricos sobre las tendencias del tamaño de las porciones de alimentos a pesar de las suposiciones generales de aumento.
Comprender la evolución del tamaño de las porciones es crucial para la salud pública y las pautas dietéticas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para analizar las tendencias en el tamaño de las porciones de alimentos consumidos en los EE.UU..
Para examinar estas tendencias por el lugar de comer (hogar, restaurante, comida rápida) y la fuente de alimentos.

Principales métodos:

Se utilizaron datos representativos a nivel nacional de la Encuesta Nacional de Consumo de Alimentos (1977-1978) y la Encuesta Continuada de la Ingesta de Alimentos por Individuos (1989-1998).
Analizó el tamaño promedio de las porciones de alimentos específicos (por ejemplo, bocadillos, postres, bebidas, comida rápida) en diferentes lugares para comer.
La muestra incluyó a 63.380 individuos de 2 años o más.

Principales resultados:

Los tamaños de las porciones de alimentos aumentaron significativamente entre 1977 y 1996 para la mayoría de las categorías de alimentos, tanto en el hogar como fuera del hogar.
Los mayores aumentos de porciones se observaron para los bocadillos salados, refrescos, hamburguesas, papas fritas y comida mexicana.
Los tamaños de las porciones variaron según la fuente de alimento, con establecimientos de comida rápida que sirven las porciones más grandes.

Conclusiones:

El tamaño de las porciones y la ingesta de energía asociada han aumentado notablemente para varios tipos de alimentos.
Los mayores aumentos en el tamaño de las porciones se documentaron para los alimentos consumidos en establecimientos de comida rápida y dentro del hogar.
Los hallazgos destacan un cambio significativo en los patrones de consumo con implicaciones para la ingesta dietética y la salud.

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