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Colloids

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...

Precipitation of Ions

Precipitation of Ions

Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:

Qualitative Analysis

Qualitative Analysis

For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...

Colloidal precipitates

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...

The Colloidal State

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...

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Gold Nanostar Synthesis with a Silver Seed Mediated Growth Method

Gold Nanostar Synthesis with a Silver Seed Mediated Growth Method

Published on: January 15, 2012

Un origen nebuloso para los filosilicatos condríticos de grano fino.

Fred J Ciesla¹, Dante S Lauretta, Barbara A Cohen

¹Department of Planetary Sciences, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, 1629 East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. fciesla@lpl.arizona.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|January 25, 2003

Resumen

Los filosilicatos en las condritas CM probablemente se formaron rápidamente debido a las ondas de choque en la nebulosa solar, no a las lentas reacciones gas-sólido. Esto explica la formación simultánea de la cóndula y el aro.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias planetarias Ciencias planetarias.
Cosmoquímica es la cosmoquímica.
La mineralogía es la Mineralogía.

Sus antecedentes:

Los minerales hidratados, específicamente los filosilicatos, se encuentran en los bordes de acreción alrededor de los condrules en las condritas CM.
Los modelos anteriores han cuestionado la formación de estos filosilicatos a través de reacciones estándar gas-sólido en las primeras nebulosas solares.

Objetivo del estudio:

Proponer un nuevo modelo para la rápida formación de filosilicatos en los bordes de las condrulas.
Para explicar la formación simultánea de cóndrulas y sus bordes acrecionarios de grano fino.

Principales métodos:

Investigando las condiciones creadas por ondas de choque formadoras de cóndrulos en regiones heladas de la nebulosa solar.
Analizando las escalas de tiempo para la hidratación mineral y el enfriamiento dentro de un entorno nebular conmocionado.

Principales resultados:

Las ondas de choque en regiones nebulosas heladas pueden crear condiciones propicias para una rápida hidratación mineral.
Las escalas de tiempo calculadas para la formación de filosilicato se alinean con el período de enfriamiento desde la estabilidad de la hidratación hasta la condensación del hielo de agua.

Conclusiones:

Las ondas de choque que forman las condrulas proporcionan un mecanismo viable para la hidratación rápida y la formación de filosilicatos en los bordes de condrita CM.
Este escenario de ondas de choque ofrece una explicación consistente para la co-formación de cóndrulas y sus bordes de acreción.