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La duplicación del genoma de la levadura fue seguida por la diferenciación asincrónica de los genes duplicados

Rikke B Langkjaer¹, Paul F Cliften, Mark Johnston

¹BioCentrum-DTU, Technical University of Denmark, Building 301, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.

|February 21, 2003

Resumen

La duplicación de genes en la levadura probablemente ocurrió una vez antes de que las especies divergieran. La evolución genética posterior, incluida la especialización o la deleción, ocurrió de forma independiente en diferentes linajes de levaduras.

Área de la Ciencia:

Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
La genómica es la genómica.
Genética de la levadura genética de la levadura.

Sus antecedentes:

La redundancia genética es común en los eucariotas, a menudo como resultado de duplicaciones de todo el genoma.
La levadura de panadero (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) posee numerosos genes duplicados, lo que plantea preguntas sobre su calendario evolutivo.
Comprender el origen de los genes duplicados es crucial para descifrar la evolución del genoma.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar la historia evolutiva de los genes duplicados en la levadura.
Para determinar si los eventos de duplicación genética precedieron o siguieron a la divergencia de especies.
Para analizar las posteriores trayectorias evolutivas de las copias de genes duplicados.

Principales métodos:

Análisis filogenético de ortólogos genéticos entre especies de levaduras relacionadas.
Genómica comparativa para inferir el momento de los eventos de duplicación génica.
Trazar las trayectorias evolutivas de pares de genes duplicados.

Principales resultados:

Las duplicaciones genéticas en el conjunto de levaduras analizadas probablemente se originaron a partir de un solo evento.
Este evento de duplicación es anterior a la divergencia de los linajes Saccharomyces y Kluyveromyces.
La evolución posterior a la duplicación, incluida la especialización génica y la eliminación de copias, ocurrió de forma independiente en cada linaje.

Conclusiones:

Un único y antiguo evento de duplicación de genes dio forma a los genomas de especies de levaduras relacionadas.
Procesos evolutivos independientes gobernaron el destino de los genes duplicados después de la divergencia del linaje.
Este estudio proporciona información sobre los mecanismos que impulsan la evolución del genoma y la redundancia genética.

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