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Mecanismo de intercambio genético en los tripanosomas estadounidenses

Michael W Gaunt¹, Matthew Yeo, Iain A Frame

¹Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.

|February 28, 2003

Resumen

Este estudio demuestra que el Trypanosoma cruzi, el parásito que causa el Chagas, es el causante de la enfermedad.

Área de la Ciencia:

Parasitología Parasitología.
Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
Genética La genética.

Sus antecedentes:

Los protozoos cinetoplásticos causan enfermedades globales significativas.
Trypanosoma cruzi es el agente causante de la enfermedad de Chagas, una zoonosis transmitida por insectos triatominos.
La ocurrencia de intercambio genético en Trypanosoma cruzi y Leishmania sigue siendo un tema de debate.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar la capacidad de intercambio genético en Trypanosoma cruzi.
Para dilucidar el mecanismo de intercambio genético en Trypanosoma cruzi.
Para comparar los genotipos híbridos experimentales con los encontrados en aislamientos naturales de Trypanosoma cruzi.

Principales métodos:

Generación de clones híbridos mediante la transfección de dos clones biológicos de Trypanosoma cruzi con marcadores distintos de resistencia a los fármacos.
El paso de los clones transfectados a través de todo el ciclo de vida de Trypanosoma cruzi.
Análisis de la progenie resistente a doble fármaco recuperada de la etapa de mamífero para los marcadores genéticos.

Principales resultados:

Recuperación de seis clones de progenie resistentes a doble fármaco que demuestran la fusión de los genotipos parentales.
Evidencia de pérdida alélica, recombinación homóloga y herencia uniparental del ADN del círculo máximo del kinetoplasto.
Se observaron fuertes paralelismos genéticos entre los híbridos experimentales y los genotipos de Trypanosoma cruzi que ocurren naturalmente.

Conclusiones:

Trypanosoma cruzi posee una capacidad existente para el intercambio genético a través de un mecanismo inusual.
La hibridación nuclear que conduce a la aneuploidía facilita la recombinación a través de extensas distancias genéticas, distintas del intercambio mendeliano.
El mecanismo observado es paralelo a la duplicación del genoma y proporciona información sobre la diversidad genética de las poblaciones de Trypanosoma cruzi.

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