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La asociación de la caries dental pediátrica con el tabaquismo pasivo
C Andrew Aligne1, Mark E Moss, Peggy Auinger
1Pediathink, Rochester, NY, USA. andy@pediathink.com
JAMA
|March 14, 2003
Resumen
Los niños expuestos al tabaquismo pasivo tienen un riesgo significativamente mayor de desarrollar caries dental, particularmente en sus dientes primarios. Reducir la exposición al humo de segunda mano es crucial para mejorar la salud bucal de los niños y prevenir la caries dental.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pediátrica en la Salud Pediátrica.
- Salud Ambiental Salud del medio ambiente.
- Salud pública dental de la salud pública.
Sus antecedentes:
- La caries dental es la enfermedad crónica infantil más prevalente, que afecta desproporcionadamente a las poblaciones de bajos ingresos.
- Las razones subyacentes de esta disparidad no se comprenden completamente.
- El tabaquismo pasivo es un factor de riesgo potencialmente modificable para la caries dental infantil.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre las caries dentales y los niveles séricos de cotinina en niños.
- Para determinar si el tabaquismo pasivo está relacionado con la prevalencia de la caries dental.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos transversales de 3531 niños de entre 4 y 11 años de la Tercera Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (1988-1994).
- El tabaquismo pasivo se define por los niveles séricos de cotinina (0,2-10 ng/mL) y las caries por las superficies cariadas (no rellenadas) o rellenadas de los dientes.
- Se analizó la relación entre los niveles de cotinina y la caries, ajustando los factores demográficos y socioeconómicos.
Principales resultados:
- Cincuenta y tres por ciento de los niños mostraron niveles de cotinina indicativos de tabaquismo pasivo.
- Los niveles elevados de cotinina se asociaron significativamente tanto con las superficies de los dientes decadentes con caries (OR 2.1) como con las cubiertas (OR 1.4).
- El tabaquismo pasivo representó un estimado del 27% de las superficies de dientes cariados y el 14% de las superficies de dientes caducifolios llenos.
Conclusiones:
- La exposición ambiental al humo del tabaco está relacionada con un mayor riesgo de caries dental en los niños.
- Reducir la exposición al humo pasivo es vital para prevenir problemas médicos infantiles y promover la salud dental.
- Las iniciativas de salud pública deben abordar el humo de segunda mano para mejorar el bienestar oral de los niños.
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