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Tendencias recientes en las propiedades de la superficie, las nubes y la radiación del espacio en el Ártico
1Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1225 West Dayton Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA. xuanjiw@ssec.wisc.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 15, 2003
Resumen
Las tendencias de calentamiento del Ártico muestran un aumento de la nubosidad en primavera y verano, y un enfriamiento en invierno con menos nubes. Los cambios estacionales en las nubes influyen en la temperatura de la superficie, vinculada a los patrones de circulación atmosférica a gran escala.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima
- Física de la atmósfera Física de la atmósfera
- La detección remota con sensores.
Sus antecedentes:
- La región del Ártico exhibe dinámicas climáticas complejas influenciadas por la temperatura, el albedo y la cobertura de nubes.
- Comprender las variaciones estacionales en las propiedades de las nubes del Ártico es crucial para el modelado climático.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Analizar las tendencias de las propiedades de las nubes y la superficie del Ártico derivadas de satélites de 1982 a 1999.
- Investigar el balance radiativo y las influencias de la circulación atmosférica en los cambios climáticos observados en el Ártico.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó datos satelitales para derivar propiedades de nubes y superficie sobre el Ártico.
- Se analizaron las tendencias temporales para el período 1982-1999.
- Cambios observados correlacionados con el índice de oscilación del Ártico.
Principales resultados:
- Se ha observado un calentamiento del Ártico con mayor nubosidad en primavera/verano y un enfriamiento con menor nubosidad en invierno.
- Las nubes de primavera aumentan la temperatura superficial radiativamente equilibrada y los cambios de albedo.
- El forzamiento de las nubes en verano, otoño e invierno indicó una tendencia de enfriamiento, lo que sugiere un calentamiento amplificado sin estos cambios.
Conclusiones:
- Las variaciones estacionales de las nubes juegan un papel importante en la modulación de los cambios de temperatura de la superficie del Ártico.
- Las tendencias climáticas observadas en el Ártico están fuertemente vinculadas a la circulación atmosférica a gran escala (oscillación ártica) en lugar de procesos locales.
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