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Oxidación anaeróbica del amonio por las bacterias anammox en el Mar Negro
Marcel M M Kuypers1, A Olav Sliekers, Gaute Lavik
1Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Department of Biogeochemistry, Celsiusstrasse 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany. mkuypers@mpi-bremen.de
Nature
|April 11, 2003
Resumen
Los científicos descubrieron bacterias en el Mar Negro que realizan la oxidación anaeróbica del amonio (anammox). Este proceso elimina el nitrógeno inorgánico fijo, lo que sugiere que las bacterias anammox juegan un papel importante en el ciclo del nitrógeno oceánico.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología marina microbiología marina.
- Los ciclos biogeoquímicos son ciclos biogeoquímicos.
- Oceanografía La oceanografía es la oceanografía.
Sus antecedentes:
- La disponibilidad fija de nitrógeno inorgánico es un factor clave que limita la productividad primaria oceánica.
- La desnitrificación se considera el principal sumidero oceánico para el nitrógeno inorgánico fijo.
- El Mar Negro es la cuenca anóxica más grande del mundo, que ofrece un entorno único para estudiar el ciclo del nitrógeno.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar y caracterizar las bacterias responsables de la oxidación anaeróbica del amonio en el Mar Negro.
- Para investigar el papel de estas bacterias en el ciclo del nitrógeno oceánico.
- Para proporcionar evidencia del proceso de anammox en un entorno marino natural.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis filogenético de las secuencias de genes de ARN ribosomal 16S.
- Perfiles de nutrientes y experimentos con trazadores de 15N.
- Las sondas de ARN con etiquetas fluorescentes y el análisis de lípidos de membrana de "escalera".
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron bacterias relacionadas con Planctomycetales, conocidas por realizar anammox, en el Mar Negro.
- La evidencia indica que estas bacterias anammox consumen amoníaco que se difunde desde aguas profundas anóxicas.
- Este es el primer vínculo directo entre las bacterias anammox y la eliminación fija de nitrógeno inorgánico en el medio marino.
Conclusiones:
- Las bacterias Anammox son activas en el Mar Negro, contribuyendo a la eliminación de nitrógeno.
- El proceso anammox es probablemente un componente significativo, previamente subestimado, del ciclo del nitrógeno oceánico.
- Se justifica una mayor investigación en entornos marinos suboxicos para comprender el impacto global de anammox.
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