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El ruido ambiental retrasa el desarrollo cortical auditivo
Edward F Chang1, Michael M Merzenich
1W. M. Keck Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. echang@itsa.ucsf.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 19, 2003
Resumen
La exposición continua al ruido en ratas recién nacidas retrasó el desarrollo de la corteza auditiva. Esto sugiere que el ruido puede ser un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo anormal del niño, afectando la maduración del cerebro.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Biología del desarrollo Biología del desarrollo.
- Investigación del sistema de auditoría Investigación del sistema de auditoría
Sus antecedentes:
- La corteza auditiva de los mamíferos (A1) sufre una rápida maduración funcional durante el desarrollo temprano.
- Los factores ambientales influyen significativamente en las trayectorias del neurodesarrollo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el impacto de la exposición continua al ruido en la primera etapa de la vida en la maduración funcional de la corteza auditiva primaria (A1) en ratas.
- Para determinar si la plasticidad del período crítico persiste más allá de los plazos normales de desarrollo después de la exposición al ruido.
Principales métodos:
- Los cachorros de ratas recién nacidos se criaron en un nivel de ruido continuo y moderado.
- Se evaluaron los puntos de referencia de desarrollo del orden de representación topográfica A1 y la selectividad de respuesta.
- Las ratas adultas criadas con ruido fueron expuestas a estímulos pulsados de tono puro para evaluar la reorganización A1.
Principales resultados:
- La exposición continua al ruido retrasó la aparición de un orden de representación topográfica similar al de los adultos en A1.1.
- El refinamiento de la selectividad de respuesta en A1 también se retrasó significativamente más allá de los períodos normales de desarrollo.
- Las ratas adultas criadas con ruido exhibieron una rápida reorganización de A1 tras la posterior exposición a estímulos auditivos, lo que indica una plasticidad en curso.
Conclusiones:
- El entorno acústico de los primeros años de vida da una forma crítica a la organización A1.
- La exposición continua al ruido puede interrumpir la maduración normal de la corteza auditiva.
- La exposición al ruido puede representar un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo neurológico anormal en niños pequeños.
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