Video Experimental Relacionado
Updated: Jun 23, 2026
08:34
Mechanism of Regulation of Adipocyte Numbers in Adult Organisms Through Differentiation and Apoptosis Homeostasis
Published on: June 3, 2016
La modulación de la señalización de la Rho GTPasa regula un cambio entre la adipogénesis y la miogénesis
Raffaella Sordella1, Wei Jiang, Guang-Chao Chen
1Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
Cell
|April 23, 2003
Resumen
La Rho GTPasa actúa como un interruptor clave en la diferenciación celular. Controla si las células precursoras se convierten en células de grasa (adiogénesis) o células musculares (miogénesis) después de la señalización de IGF-1.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología celular Biología celular.
- Biología del desarrollo Biología del desarrollo.
- La señalización molecular.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los adipocitos y miocitos maduros se originan a partir de un precursor mesenquimal compartido.
- El factor de crecimiento similar a la insulina 1 (IGF-1) influye tanto en la adipogénesis como en la miogénesis, pero las vías específicas aguas abajo siguen sin estar claras.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para aclarar las vías de señalización que rigen la adipogénesis-miogénesis decisión del destino celular.
- Identificar los reguladores moleculares clave involucrados en la diferenciación mediada por IGF-1.
Principales métodos:
- Investigó el papel de la Rho GTPasa y su regulador p190-B RhoGAP en la diferenciación celular.
- Utilizó embriones knockout que carecían de p190-B RhoGAP para evaluar las respuestas celulares.
- Realizó experimentos in vitro para estudiar la activación de la Rho-cinasa y sus efectos sobre la adipogénesis y la miogénesis.
Principales resultados:
- La ausencia de p190-B RhoGAP conduce a un aumento de la actividad de Rho, alteración de la adipogénesis y promueve la miogénesis tras la estimulación de IGF-1.
- La activación de la Rho-cinasa por Rho inhibe la adipogénesis y es esencial para la miogénesis.
- La señalización de IGF-1 modula la actividad de Rho a través de la fosforilación de tirosina y la localización subcelular de p190-B RhoGAP.
Conclusiones:
- La Rho GTPasa funciona como un interruptor crítico en la decisión del destino celular de la adipogénesis-miogénesis.
- p190-B RhoGAP actúa como un regulador molecular que determina la actividad de Rho y dirige las vías de diferenciación celular.
- La modulación de la actividad de Rho es suficiente para redirigir los programas de diferenciación celular precursora.
Más Videos Relacionados
06:54Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells
Published on: October 27, 2020
12:35Optogenetic Inhibition of Rho1-Mediated Actomyosin Contractility Coupled with Measurement of Epithelial Tension in Drosophila Embryos
Published on: April 14, 2023
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
02:38The Ras Gene
The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a superfamily...
Ras is a superfamily...
01:21Cell Polarization by Rho Proteins
Cell polarity is the asymmetric distribution of cellular and membrane components, making one side of the cell different from the other. This polarity is essential to many processes such as embryogenesis, axon migration, glucose transport across epithelial cells, and directional cell migration. A migrating cell responds to intracellular or extracellular signals via molecular cascades that reorganize the actin cytoskeleton to establish this polarity. In these cells, the Rho family proteins Cdc42,...
01:24Small GTPases - Ras and Rho
Ras and Rho are small monomeric GTPases that act downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and regulate various cellular processes. These GTPases switch between active and inactive states by binding to guanine nucleotides.
Three regulatory proteins control their activity:
Three regulatory proteins control their activity:
01:22PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast, mTORC2 consists of a rapamycin-insensitive companion...
01:16TGF - β Signaling Pathway
The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
01:22Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins
Heterotrimeric G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. As the name suggests, heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. They remain GDP-bound or GTP-bound inside the cells and switch between inactive/active states. The Gα subunit possesses the nucleotide-binding pocket that binds guanine nucleotides and switches between GDP or GTP-bound states. In contrast, the Gꞵ and Gγ subunits are always bound together with high affinity and are together...