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Explicando la abundancia de hormigas en las canopias de las tierras bajas de la selva tropical

Diane W Davidson¹, Steven C Cook, Roy R Snelling

¹Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 South, 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-0840, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|May 10, 2003

Resumen

Muchas hormigas arborícolas en las copas de los bosques tropicales consumen principalmente exudados de plantas e insectos, no son depredadores. Su nutrición depende de los simbiontes, lo que afecta a las estimaciones de herbívoros forestales.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ecología Ecología Ecología.
Biología Tropical Biología Tropical.
Ecología de los insectos Ecología de los insectos

Sus antecedentes:

Las hormigas arborícolas son abundantes en las copas de las selvas tropicales.
Se especula que muchas especies de hormigas se alimentan de exudados de plantas e insectos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar las fuentes primarias de alimento de las hormigas arbóreas en las selvas tropicales.
Para determinar el papel de la depredación frente a la alimentación exsudada en la nutrición de las hormigas.
Evaluar el impacto del herbívoro de las hormigas en los ecosistemas forestales.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de la proporción de isótopos de nitrógeno (N) en plantas, herbívoros, depredadores y hormigas.
Estudios de campo realizados en la Amazonia y Borneo.

Principales resultados:

Muchas especies de hormigas arborícolas obtienen nitrógeno (N) limitado de la depredación y la limpieza.
Los microsimbiontes y los trofobiontes hemipteranos pueden ser cruciales para las hormigas que se alimentan de exudados pobres en N.
Los costos combinados de las defensas bióticas y la herbivoría por parte de las hormigas y los hemipteros son significativos para las plantas.

Conclusiones:

Las dietas de las hormigas arbóreas a menudo se especializan en exudados, con simbiontes que juegan un papel nutricional clave.
El herbívoro de insectos, incluidas las hormigas y los hemipteros, impone costos sustanciales a las plantas de la selva tropical.
Las estimaciones actuales de las pérdidas forestales a los insectos herbívoros pueden estar subestimadas.

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