Video Experimental Relacionado
Updated: Mar 23, 2026
07:53
Author Spotlight: Using the Split Retina Technique for Enhanced Access and Accelerated Experiments
Published on: January 16, 2024
5.7K
Segregación del movimiento del objeto y del fondo en la retina
Bence P Olveczky1, Stephen A Baccus, Markus Meister
1Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
Nature
|May 20, 2003
Resumen
El cerebro distingue los objetos en movimiento de los movimientos oculares que comienzan en la retina. Las células ganglionares especializadas de la retina detectan el movimiento diferencial, lo que permite la detección de objetos incluso con la deriva ocular.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Visión Visión Ciencia Ciencia.
- La neurociencia computacional es una neurociencia computacional.
Sus antecedentes:
- La detección de objetos en movimiento en escenas estacionarias es crucial para la visión.
- Los movimientos oculares fijacionales crean la deriva de la imagen retiniana, lo que complica la detección de movimiento.
- El cerebro debe diferenciar el movimiento local de la escena de la deriva inducida por el movimiento ocular global.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los mecanismos neuronales subyacentes a la detección de movimiento local en medio de la deriva global de imágenes de la retina.
- Para determinar si los procesos de detección de movimiento comienzan dentro de la propia retina.
- Para modelar el circuito retiniano responsable de distinguir el movimiento diferencial.
Principales métodos:
- Grabación de las células ganglionares de la retina.
- Analizar respuestas a estímulos con movimiento variado del centro y del entorno.
- Desarrollo de modelos computacionales de circuitos de la retina.
Principales resultados:
- Un subconjunto de células ganglionares retinianas exhibe selectividad para el movimiento diferencial entre el centro del campo receptivo y sus alrededores.
- Esta sensibilidad diferencial al movimiento es independiente de la dirección.
- Un modelo que involucra interneuronas no lineales y células amacrinas de campo amplio explica las respuestas observadas y la supresión por movimiento global.
Conclusiones:
- La detección y segregación del movimiento comienzan en la retina, no sólo en las áreas superiores del cerebro.
- Las células ganglionares de la retina especializadas en el movimiento diferencial pueden marcar y segregar efectivamente los objetos en movimiento.
- Los hallazgos aclaran un mecanismo fundamental para la percepción visual en presencia de movimientos oculares.
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
01:32The Retina
78.4K
The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.
78.4K
01:20Anatomy of the Eyeball
11.3K
The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
11.3K
01:24Vision
61.3K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
61.3K
01:24Color Vision
1.9K
Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
1.9K
01:22Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways
10.7K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
10.7K
01:26Visual System
2.3K
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
2.3K