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Síndrome de ovario poliquístico y carcinoma endometrial
Paul Hardiman1, Ouma C Pillay, William Atiomo
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, NW3 2PF, London, UK. hardiman@rfc.ucl.ac.uk <hardiman@rfc.ucl.ac.uk>
Lancet (London, England)
|June 5, 2003
Resumen
El vínculo entre el síndrome de ovario poliquístico (SOP) y el cáncer de endometrio sigue sin estar claro a pesar de los factores de riesgo. Se necesitan más estudios a gran escala para identificar a las mujeres con PCOS en mayor riesgo y estrategias efectivas de prevención.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Endocrinología Reproductiva y Reproducción.
- Oncología Ginecológica Oncología Ginecológica.
Sus antecedentes:
- La asociación entre el síndrome de ovario poliquístico (SOP) y el carcinoma endometrial se ha debatido desde 1949.
- Si bien los factores de riesgo para el cáncer de endometrio son comunes en el síndrome de ovario poliquístico (anovulación, obesidad, hiperinsulinemia), la evidencia directa de una mayor incidencia o mortalidad no es concluyente.
- Las directrices clínicas actuales recomiendan el tratamiento hormonal para mitigar los riesgos, pero falta consenso sobre los protocolos óptimos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar críticamente la evidencia que vincula el SOP y el carcinoma endometrial.
- Para resaltar la necesidad de más investigación para aclarar la asociación e informar la práctica clínica.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura existente y las directrices de práctica clínica.
- Análisis de la relación entre los factores de riesgo asociados con el SOP y el desarrollo de cáncer de endometrio.
Principales resultados:
- La evidencia que apoya una relación causal directa entre el SOP y el aumento de la incidencia o la mortalidad por cáncer de endometrio no es concluyente.
- A pesar de los factores de riesgo compartidos, no se ha establecido definitivamente que el PCOS predispone a las mujeres al cáncer de endometrio.
Conclusiones:
- Los estudios epidemiológicos a gran escala son esenciales para determinar las tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad por cáncer de endometrio en mujeres con SOP.
- La identificación de subgrupos específicos de mujeres con SOP con riesgo elevado y el desarrollo de estrategias específicas de reducción de riesgos son pasos futuros críticos.
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