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Ritmos circadianos: por fin en el bucle.

Russell N Van Gelder1, Erik D Herzog, William J Schwartz

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. vangelder@vision.wustl.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 7, 2003
PubMed
Resumen

Los relojes circadianos de los animales utilizan circuitos de retroalimentación molecular similares, pero emplean diferentes genes en los mamíferos y las moscas de la fruta. Esta comparación pone de relieve los principios conservados y los actores moleculares divergentes en el cronometraje biológico.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Cronobiología cronobiología.
  • Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
  • La genómica comparada es una genómica comparada.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los osciladores circadianos son procesos biológicos fundamentales conservados en todas las especies.
  • Estos osciladores generalmente se basan en bucles de retroalimentación negativa que involucran productos de genes de reloj.
  • Los relojes circadianos de los animales integran al menos dos bucles de retroalimentación que interactúan para una oscilación robusta.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para comparar y contrastar los mecanismos moleculares de los relojes circadianos en mamíferos y Drosophila.
  • Para dilucidar cómo diferentes actores moleculares ejecutan un guión de regulación circadiana conservado.
  • Para resaltar la divergencia evolutiva y la convergencia en los sistemas biológicos de cronometraje.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis comparativo de las conocidas vías genéticas del reloj circadiano de mamíferos y Drosophila.
  • Revisión de la literatura existente sobre componentes moleculares e interacciones.
  • Utilizando los recursos del entorno de conocimiento de transducción de señales de la ciencia.

Principales resultados:

  • Tanto los mamíferos como la Drosophila utilizan bucles de retroalimentación oscilantes para la generación del ritmo circadiano.
  • A pesar de un guión básico compartido, distintos conjuntos de genes y proteínas forman estos bucles en cada grupo.
  • Existen diferencias clave en los actores moleculares específicos que impulsan los mecanismos de retroalimentación negativa.

Conclusiones:

  • Los principios fundamentales del cronometraje circadiano se conservan en diversos taxones animales.
  • La evolución ha dado forma a distintas soluciones moleculares para implementar funciones circadianas conservadas.
  • Comprender estas vías comparativas proporciona información sobre la robustez y la adaptabilidad de los relojes biológicos.