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Factores de riesgo para el tromboembolismo venoso
Frederick A Anderson1, Frederick A Spencer
1Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA. Fred.Anderson@umassmed.edu
Circulation
|June 20, 2003
Resumen
El riesgo de tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) ahora se reconoce en pacientes médicos, no solo quirúrgicos. La identificación de diversos factores de riesgo es crucial para una profilaxis eficaz de TEV en individuos de alto riesgo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina interna es la medicina interna de las enfermedades.
- La medicina vascular es una medicina vascular.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Históricamente, el tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) se consideraba una complicación principalmente de una cirugía mayor o una enfermedad terminal.
- La evidencia reciente indica que los pacientes hospitalizados se enfrentan a un riesgo de TEV comparable al de aquellos que se someten a una cirugía general mayor.
- Una proporción significativa de los casos sintomáticos de TEV se producen en individuos no hospitalizados sin enfermedad grave reciente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para resaltar la comprensión cada vez mayor de la población en riesgo de TEV.
- Hacer hincapié en la necesidad de que los médicos evalúen los factores de riesgo de TEV.
- Identificar a los pacientes de alto riesgo que podrían beneficiarse de la profilaxis de TEV.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de ensayos clínicos recientes que involucran a pacientes médicos hospitalizados.
- Análisis de estudios epidemiológicos sobre la ocurrencia de TEV.
- Examen de los factores de riesgo establecidos y emergentes para la TEV.
Principales resultados:
- Los pacientes hospitalizados presentan un riesgo de TEV similar al de los pacientes después de una cirugía mayor.
- Entre el 25% y el 50% de los eventos sintomáticos de TEV ocurren fuera de la hospitalización o una enfermedad grave reciente.
- Factores específicos como cirugía mayor, trauma, inmovilidad y ciertas afecciones médicas aumentan el riesgo de TEV.
Conclusiones:
- El alcance del riesgo de TEV se extiende más allá de los pacientes quirúrgicos para incluir una amplia gama de condiciones médicas.
- Una evaluación exhaustiva de los factores de riesgo individuales es esencial para determinar la profilaxis adecuada de TEV.
- Comprender la interacción de los factores de riesgo es clave para optimizar las estrategias de prevención de TEV.
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