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Gigantescos chorros entre una nube de tormenta y la ionosfera.

H T Su1, R R Hsu, A B Chen

  • 1Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70148, Taiwan. htsu@phys.ncku.edu.tw

Nature
|June 27, 2003
PubMed
Resumen

Gigantescos chorros enlazan directamente las nubes de tormenta con la ionosfera, revelando un nuevo componente del circuito eléctrico global de la Tierra. Estas descargas, a diferencia del rayo, reducen el potencial eléctrico, lo que requiere una comprensión revisada de la electricidad atmosférica.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Física de la atmósfera física de la atmósfera.
  • La aeronomía es la aeronomía.
  • El electromagnetismo es el electromagnetismo.

Sus antecedentes:

  • El circuito eléctrico global de la Tierra incluye convencionalmente las tormentas eléctricas, la ionosfera y las corrientes.
  • Eventos luminosos transitorios como sprites y chorros azules ocurren entre las nubes y la ionosfera.
  • Los componentes completos del circuito eléctrico global no se entendieron completamente.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar el papel de los chorros gigantescos en el circuito eléctrico global de la Tierra.
  • Para determinar la conexión eléctrica entre las nubes eléctricas y la ionosfera.
  • Comprender los mecanismos de generación de ondas de radio de frecuencia extremadamente baja durante estos eventos.

Principales métodos:

  • Observación de cinco gigantescos eventos de chorro.
  • Detección de ondas de radio de frecuencia extremadamente baja (ELF, por sus siglas en inglés).
  • Análisis de las descargas eléctricas atmosféricas entre la nube y la ionosfera.

Principales resultados:

  • Se observaron gigantescos chorros que conectaban directamente las nubes eléctricas (16 km) con la ionosfera (90 km).
  • Se detectaron ondas de radio de frecuencia extremadamente baja durante cuatro eventos, lo que indica descargas negativas de la nube a la ionosfera.
  • Ningún rayo de nube a tierra precedió a estos gigantescos eventos de chorro.

Conclusiones:

  • Los chorros gigantescos representan un camino significativo en el circuito eléctrico global.
  • Estas descargas reducen el potencial eléctrico entre la ionosfera y el suelo.
  • El modelo convencional del circuito eléctrico global requiere una modificación para incluir gigantescos jets y sprites.