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La melanopsina es necesaria para las respuestas fóticas no formadoras de imágenes en ratones ciegos
Satchidananda Panda1, Ignacio Provencio, Daniel C Tu
1Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John J. Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 28, 2003
Resumen
Los ratones que carecían tanto de fotorreceptores bastón / cono como de melanopsina perdieron todas las respuestas a la luz, lo que indica que tanto los sistemas visuales como los no visuales son cruciales para la percepción de la luz de los mamíferos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Oftalmología Oftalmología.
- Cronobiología cronobiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los ratones sin fotorreceptores de bastón y cono son ciegos, pero conservan respuestas mediadas por la luz.
- Las células ganglionares retinianas fotosensibles (ipRGCs) que expresan melanopsina están implicadas en estas respuestas no visuales.
- Las barras y los conos también pueden contribuir a la fotorrecepción no visual.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las funciones de los ipRGCs que contienen melanopsina y los fotorreceptores clásicos (barras y conos) en las respuestas a la luz no visual en mamíferos.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron ratones modificados genéticamente con degeneración combinada de la retina externa y deficiencia de melanopsina.
- Fotoentrenamiento evaluado del oscilador circadiano.
- Respuestas de luz pupillares medidas.
- La supresión fótica cuantificada de la transcripción de la arylalquilamina-N-acetiltransferasa (AA-NAT).
- Evaluación de la supresión aguda inducida por la luz de la actividad locomotora.
Principales resultados:
- Los ratones que carecían tanto de fotorreceptores externos de la retina como de melanopsina mostraron una ausencia completa de fotoentrenamiento.
- Estos ratones tampoco mostraron respuestas a la luz pupillar, ni supresión fótica de AA-NAT, ni supresión aguda de la actividad locomotora por la luz.
- Esto demuestra la necesidad de los fotorreceptores bastón / cono y la melanopsina para mediar estas respuestas no visuales.
Conclusiones:
- Tanto los fotorreceptores visuales clásicos (barras y conos) como el sistema no visual basado en la melanopsina son esenciales para mediar varias respuestas no visuales a la luz en los mamíferos.
- Esto pone de relieve la función integrada de diferentes sistemas fotorreceptores en la regulación de los ritmos circadianos y otros comportamientos impulsados por la luz.
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