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Pérdida de carbono por los árboles de hoja caduca en un antiguo entorno polar rico en CO2
Dana L Royer1, Colin P Osborne, David J Beerling
1Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
Nature
|July 4, 2003
Resumen
Se rechaza la hipótesis de pérdida de carbono para los bosques polares de hoja caduca. El derramamiento de hojas anualmente resulta en una mayor pérdida de carbono que la respiración perenne, incluso en condiciones polares.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La paleobotánica es la paleobotánica.
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
- Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima
Sus antecedentes:
- Los bosques de hoja caduca históricamente prosperaron en regiones polares cálidas y altas en CO2 durante millones de años.
- La ventaja evolutiva de la deciduosidad en los climas polares se ha debatido durante casi un siglo.
- La hipótesis predominante vincula la deciduosidad con evitar la pérdida de carbono a través de la respiración durante los inviernos polares oscuros.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para probar experimentalmente la hipótesis de pérdida de carbono para los bosques polares de hoja caduca.
- Para investigar el papel del fotoperiodo y los niveles de dióxido de carbono en la deciduosidad polar.
- Determinar si el derramamiento de hojas es una estrategia adaptativa para minimizar la pérdida de carbono en los inviernos polares.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó especies de árboles "fósiles vivos" en experimentos controlados simulando climas polares.
- Concentraciones manipuladas de dióxido de carbono (ambiental y enriquecido) durante condiciones polares simuladas.
- Pérdida de carbono anual cuantificada de las copas caducifolias frente a la respiración de las plantas de hoja perenne y la basura de las hojas.
Principales resultados:
- La pérdida anual de carbono de las copas caducifolias excede significativamente a la de las plantas de hoja perenne.
- Esta diferencia persistió independientemente del enriquecimiento de dióxido de carbono.
- El mayor costo de carbono de la deciduosidad fue evidente incluso en latitudes altas con invernos polares prolongados.
Conclusiones:
- La hipótesis de la pérdida de carbono no está respaldada por evidencia experimental.
- La deciduosidad en los bosques polares es poco probable que sea una adaptación para minimizar la pérdida de carbono de la respiración invernal.
- Se necesitan explicaciones alternativas para la evolución de los bosques caducifolios polares.
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