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Modulación farmacológica del aprendizaje perceptivo y la reorganización cortical asociada
Hubert R Dinse1, Patrick Ragert, Burkhard Pleger
1Institute for Neuroinformatics, Department of Theoretical Biology, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. hubert.dinse@neuroinformatik.ruhr-uni-bochum.de
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 5, 2003
Resumen
El aprendizaje perceptivo mejora la discriminación táctil a través de mecanismos de plasticidad sináptica. Este proceso está modulado por los receptores de N-metil-D-aspartato y la anfetamina, en correlación con la reorganización cortical.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Ciencias Cognitivas Ciencias Cognitivas.
- Psicología Psicología Psicología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los mecanismos neuronales que subyacen al aprendizaje perceptivo y la plasticidad cortical no se comprenden completamente.
- La coactivación hebbiana es un método utilizado para inducir el aprendizaje perceptivo.
- El papel de los sistemas específicos de neurotransmisores en la modulación de este aprendizaje no está claro.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las bases farmacológicas del aprendizaje perceptivo y la reorganización cortical asociada.
- Determinar la participación de los receptores de N-metil-D-aspartato en el aprendizaje perceptivo táctil.
- Examinar el efecto de la anfetamina en la discriminación táctil y el aprendizaje.
Principales métodos:
- El aprendizaje perceptivo se indujo a través de la coactivación de Hebbian de la piel del dedo índice derecho.
- Los umbrales de discriminación táctil de dos puntos se midieron bajo placebo, bloqueador del receptor de N-metil-D-aspartato y condiciones de anfetamina.
- La reorganización cortical fue evaluada utilizando potenciales evocados somatosensoriales.
Principales resultados:
- La discriminación táctil mejoró en el dedo entrenado (derecho) pero no en el no entrenado (izquierdo) bajo placebo.
- Un bloqueador del receptor N-metil-D-aspartato inhibió la mejora inducida por el aprendizaje.
- La anfetamina duplicó la mejora en la discriminación táctil.
- El grado de reorganización cortical se correlacionó linealmente con la modulación farmacológica de los umbrales de discriminación.
Conclusiones:
- El aprendizaje perceptivo y los cambios corticales asociados se rigen por mecanismos fundamentales de plasticidad sináptica.
- La actividad del receptor de N-metil-D-aspartato y los moduladores como la anfetamina juegan un papel clave en el control del aprendizaje perceptivo.
- Los hallazgos proporcionan información sobre los fundamentos neurobiológicos de la adquisición de habilidades y la adaptación cerebral.
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