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Regulación de la transcripción y diversidad animal

Michael Levine¹, Robert Tjian

¹Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Genetics and Development, Center for Integrative Genomics, University of California, Berkeley, 401 Barker Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. mlevine@uclink4.berkeley.edu

|July 11, 2003

Resumen

Los análisis comparativos del genoma revelan que la diversidad evolutiva no surge de nuevos genes, sino de una regulación genética compleja. La complejidad de los organismos aumenta a través del intrincado control de la expresión génica, no la expansión del número de genes.

Área de la Ciencia:

La genómica es la genómica.
Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
Biología Molecular Biología Molecular

Sus antecedentes:

Las secuencias del genoma completo están disponibles para múltiples especies animales, incluidos invertebrados y vertebrados.
La genómica comparativa permite el análisis del contenido genético en diversos organismos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar las bases genéticas de la diversidad evolutiva y la complejidad de los organismos.
Comprender cómo se han producido cambios evolutivos a pesar de un número relativamente constante de genes.

Principales métodos:

Análisis comparativo de ensamblajes de secuencias de todo el genoma de siete especies animales diferentes.
Examen del contenido genético y los eventos de duplicación genética en los genomas de vertebrados e invertebrados.

Principales resultados:

Los genomas de los vertebrados poseen aproximadamente el doble del número de genes que se encuentran en los genomas de los invertebrados.
El aumento en el número de genes se atribuye principalmente a la duplicación de los genes existentes, no a la aparición de nuevos genes.
La evidencia emergente apunta a la regulación de la expresión génica como un factor clave de la complejidad.

Conclusiones:

La complejidad de los organismos y la diversidad evolutiva están impulsadas principalmente por una regulación cada vez más sofisticada de la expresión génica.
La duplicación de genes juega un papel, pero el intrincado control sobre cómo y cuándo se expresan los genes es crucial para la innovación evolutiva.

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