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Las estatinas promueven potentes efectos antioxidantes sistémicos a través de vías inflamatorias específicas.

Mehdi H Shishehbor1, Marie-Luise Brennan, Ronnier J Aviles

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Las estatinas reducen los principales marcadores de estrés oxidativo, incluidas la clorotirosina y la nitrotirosina (NO2Tyr), lo que indica potentes efectos antioxidantes sistémicos. Estos hallazgos sugieren que las estatinas pueden combatir la aterosclerosis suprimiendo vías oxidantes específicas.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La bioquímica es la bioquímica.
  • Medicina Cardiovascular La medicina cardiovascular es una especialidad de la salud.
  • Farmacología Farmacología.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los inhibidores de la hidroximetilglutarilo CoA reductasa (estatinas) poseen propiedades antiinflamatorias y antioxidantes.
  • Investigaciones anteriores indicaron que las estatinas reducen la nitrotirosina plasmática (NO2Tyr), un marcador de los oxidantes derivados del óxido nítrico.
  • El impacto de las estatinas en otras vías de estrés oxidativo in vivo permaneció sin investigar.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar el efecto de la atorvastatina en varios marcadores de estrés oxidativo en sujetos con hipercolesterolemia.
  • Para determinar si la terapia con estatinas suprime distintas vías de oxidación más allá de los oxidantes derivados del óxido nítrico.

Principales métodos:

  • Los sujetos con hipercolesterolemia sin enfermedad arterial coronaria recibieron atorvastatina (10 mg/día) durante 12 semanas.
  • Los niveles plasmáticos de clorotirosina, NO2Tyr, ditirosina y ortotirosina se cuantificaron mediante espectrometría de masas.
  • También se evaluaron los niveles de lipoproteína y proteína C reactiva.

Principales resultados:

  • La atorvastatina redujo significativamente los niveles de clorotirosina, NO2Tyr y ditirosina en un 30%, 25% y 32%, respectivamente (P<0,02).
  • Estas reducciones fueron comparables a las disminuciones en el colesterol total y la apolipoproteína B-100.
  • No se observaron cambios significativos en los niveles de ortotirosina o proteína C reactiva.

Conclusiones:

  • Las estatinas ejercen efectos antioxidantes sistémicos significativos al suprimir distintas vías de oxidación.
  • Las vías inhibidas incluyen aquellas que involucran oxidantes derivados de la mieloperoxidasa y derivados del óxido nítrico, implicados en la aterogénesis.
  • Estos hallazgos ofrecen información sobre las acciones cardiovasculares beneficiosas de las estatinas y posibles estrategias de monitoreo.