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Reducción de la mortalidad infantil: ¿puede la salud pública ofrecer?
Jennifer Bryce1, Shams el Arifeen, George Pariyo
1Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development, WHO, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland. brycej@who.int <brycej@who.int>
Lancet (London, England)
|July 18, 2003
Resumen
Mejorar la supervivencia infantil requiere una mejor entrega de intervenciones probadas. Las estrategias deben adaptarse al desarrollo del sistema de salud, centrándose en los datos, el monitoreo y la cobertura equitativa para lograr los objetivos globales de supervivencia infantil.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud global La salud global.
- La pediatría es la medicina de los niños.
- Sistemas de Salud Investigación de Sistemas de Salud
Sus antecedentes:
- La supervivencia infantil sigue siendo un desafío crítico para la salud mundial, con una proporción significativa de muertes prevenibles.
- La cobertura de las intervenciones esenciales de salud infantil es insuficiente en muchos países de ingresos bajos y medios.
- El progreso en la inmunización y la cobertura de parto asistido se está estancando o disminuyendo en algunas de las naciones más pobres.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Hacer hincapié en la distinción entre las intervenciones de salud infantil y sus sistemas de entrega.
- Abogar por la adaptación de estrategias de entrega basadas en las etapas de desarrollo del sistema de salud.
- Revisar las iniciativas de salud infantil y discutir los componentes críticos del sistema de entrega.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de las recientes iniciativas de salud infantil y estrategias del sistema de entrega.
- Análisis de los aspectos esenciales de la prestación de servicios de salud, incluidas las necesidades de datos y el monitoreo.
- Discusión sobre el logro de una cobertura de intervención alta y equitativa.
Principales resultados:
- Las intervenciones efectivas para la supervivencia infantil están subutilizadas debido a sistemas de entrega inadecuados.
- Los datos a nivel subnacional son cruciales para una planificación efectiva de la salud y la asignación de recursos.
- Las iniciativas comunitarias pueden complementar los débiles servicios de salud, pero el fortalecimiento de los sistemas nacionales es primordial.
Conclusiones:
- Lograr el objetivo de desarrollo del milenio de supervivencia infantil requiere mejoras significativas en las estrategias de entrega de intervenciones.
- Los enfoques de entrega personalizados, respaldados por datos y monitoreo sólidos, son esenciales para ampliar las intervenciones.
- El fortalecimiento de los sistemas nacionales de salud es la estrategia a largo plazo para lograr mejoras sostenibles en la supervivencia infantil.
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