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Estimaciones de las ganancias potenciales de salud global y regional por la reducción de múltiples factores de riesgo
Majid Ezzati1, Stephen Vander Hoorn, Anthony Rodgers
1Risk, Resources, and Environmental Management Division, Resources for the Future, Washington, DC, USA. mezzati@hsph.harvard.edu <mezzati@hsph.harvard.edu>
Lancet (London, England)
|August 2, 2003
Resumen
Abordar los principales factores de riesgo a nivel mundial puede aumentar significativamente la esperanza de vida saludable. La intervención simultánea podría prevenir una carga sustancial de enfermedades y reducir las disparidades de salud en todo el mundo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud global La salud global.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- La medicina preventiva es la medicina preventiva de las enfermedades.
Sus antecedentes:
- Estimar la carga de la enfermedad por múltiples factores de riesgo es crucial para evaluar estrategias preventivas combinadas.
- Pocas investigaciones a escala mundial han cuantificado el impacto de múltiples factores de riesgo en la carga de la enfermedad.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Estimar los beneficios potenciales para la salud derivados de la eliminación de múltiples factores de riesgo importantes a escala global.
- Cuantificar la carga de enfermedad atribuible a los efectos conjuntos de los principales factores de riesgo en diferentes regiones del mundo.
Principales métodos:
- Evaluó la carga de enfermedades y lesiones vinculadas a 20 factores de riesgo principales en 14 subregiones epidemiológicas globales.
- Fracciones atribuibles estimadas de la población (PAF) utilizando datos de prevalencia de factores de riesgo y peligros, teniendo en cuenta los riesgos mediados.
- FAP calculadas para múltiples factores de riesgo por edad y sexo para diversas enfermedades.
Principales resultados:
- En 2000, los efectos conjuntos de los factores de riesgo considerados representaron el 47% de las muertes prematuras y el 39% de la carga total de enfermedades a nivel mundial.
- Estos riesgos estaban relacionados con proporciones sustanciales de enfermedades importantes, incluida la diarrea (92%-94%), la enfermedad isquémica del corazón (83%-89%) y el accidente cerebrovascular (70%-76%).
- La eliminación de estos riesgos podría aumentar la esperanza de vida saludable global en 9,3 años (17%), con variaciones entre regiones.
Conclusiones:
- La eliminación de los principales factores de riesgo ofrece un potencial sustancial para la prevención de enfermedades y el aumento de la salud a nivel mundial.
- La intervención simultánea contra los principales riesgos puede aumentar la esperanza de vida saludable en todas las regiones.
- Abordar estos riesgos puede ayudar a reducir las disparidades de salud entre las diferentes regiones del mundo.
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