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Las grandes variaciones de gravedad paralelas a las trincheras predicen el comportamiento sísmico en las zonas de
Teh-Ru Alex Song1, Mark Simons
1Seismological Laboratory, Division of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. alex@gps.caltech.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 2, 2003
Resumen
Los grandes terremotos ocurren principalmente en zonas de subducción con anomalías de gravedad paralelas a zanjas negativas (TPGA). Estos patrones sísmicos son estacionarios durante un millón de años, vinculados a la estructura geológica del arco anterior y la fricción de la interfaz de las placas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geofísica es la geofísica.
- Sismología Sismología Sismología.
- La tectónica es la tectónica.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las zonas de subducción son lugares críticos para los grandes terremotos.
- La comprensión de las variaciones espaciales en la sismicidad es clave para la evaluación del riesgo sísmico.
- Se debate el papel de la estructura geológica del arco frontal en el control de la ocurrencia de terremotos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la relación entre las anomalías gravitatorias paralelas a las trincheras y la aparición de grandes terremotos.
- Para determinar si el comportamiento sismógeno en las zonas de subducción es estacionario en escalas de tiempo geológicas.
- Explorar la influencia de la estructura geológica del arco anterior en la actividad sísmica.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de la distribución de los terremotos en relación con las anomalías de gravedad paralelas a las trincheras (TPGA).
- Correlación del comportamiento sismógeno con las estructuras geológicas del arco anterior.
- Modelado de la influencia de las propiedades de fricción de la interfaz de la placa en la gravedad y la sismicidad.
Principales resultados:
- Los grandes terremotos ocurren predominantemente en regiones con TPGA fuertemente negativo.
- Las regiones con un TPGA fuertemente positivo exhiben una sismicidad significativamente menor.
- Las variaciones espaciales en el comportamiento sísmico son estacionarias durante al menos 1 millón de años.
- Las correlaciones observadas son consistentes con las variaciones de la propiedad de fricción que controlan las características del arco delantero.
Conclusiones:
- La estructura geológica del arco anterior, específicamente TPGA, es un fuerte indicador de la ocurrencia de grandes terremotos.
- El comportamiento sísmico en las zonas de subducción está controlado en gran medida por variaciones estacionarias en la fricción de la interfaz de las placas.
- Estos hallazgos tienen implicaciones para la comprensión de los peligros sísmicos y la tectónica de placas.
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