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Las artemisininas se dirigen a las SERCA de Plasmodium falciparum
U Eckstein-Ludwig1, R J Webb, I D A Van Goethem
1Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, St George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK.
Nature
|August 22, 2003
Resumen
Las artemisininas, potentes antimaláricos, se dirigen al ortólogo de Plasmodium falciparum SERCA (PfATP6). El hierro activa las artemisininas, lo que lleva a la inhibición de PfATP6 y a la muerte de los parásitos fuera del vacío alimentario.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Parasitología Parasitología.
- Química Medicinal Química medicinal es el campo de la química medicinal.
- Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
Sus antecedentes:
- Las artemisininas son antipalúdicos cruciales contra la malaria multirresistente.
- Su objetivo molecular preciso sigue siendo elusivo a pesar de su uso generalizado.
- Las artemisininas son lactonas sesquiterpénicas derivadas del ajenjo dulce (Artemisia annua).
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para identificar el objetivo molecular de las artemisininas en Plasmodium falciparum.
- Para aclarar el mecanismo de acción y activación de la artemisinina.
Principales métodos:
- Ensayos de inhibición utilizando ovocitos de Xenopus que expresan Plasmodium falciparum SERCA ortólogo (PfATP6).
- Estudios de antagonismo con tapsigargina, un conocido inhibidor de SERCA.
- Evaluación de la actividad de la desoxyartemisinin.
- Experimentos de quelación de hierro con desferrioxamina.
- Imágenes fluorescentes de parásitos con las etiquetas artemisinina y tapsigargina.
Principales resultados:
- Las artemisininas inhiben el PfATP6 con una potencia comparable a la de la tapsigargina.
- La tapsigargina antagoniza la actividad antipalúdica de la artemisinina.
- La desoxiratemisinina, que carece de un puente endoperóxido, es ineficaz.
- La quelación de hierro anula el efecto antiparasitario de la artemisinina y la inhibición de la PfATP6.
- La artemisinina etiqueta a los parásitos de una manera dependiente del hierro, localizándose en el citosol.
Conclusiones:
- Las artemisininas funcionan inhibiendo el ortólogo SERCA de Plasmodium falciparum (PfATP6).
- El hierro (Fe2+) es esencial para la activación de la artemisinina, lo que probablemente facilite la escisión del puente endoperóxido.
- El sitio objetivo está fuera de la vacúola alimentaria, con localización citosólica observada.
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