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Alta diversidad de virus desconocidos similares a la picorna en el mar
Alexander I Culley1, Andrew S Lang, Curtis A Suttle
1Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
Nature
|August 29, 2003
Resumen
Diversos virus similares a la picorna habitan en el océano, con nuevos grupos identificados. Un virus marino identificado infecta algas tóxicas, afectando a la acuicultura y destacando su papel como patógenos del fitoplancton.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Virología Virología.
- Microbiología marina Microbiología marina.
- Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
Sus antecedentes:
- Los virus similares al picornavirus son virus de ARN de una sola cadena que causan enfermedades significativas en animales, plantas e insectos.
- Estos virus comparten características comunes, incluida una proteína en el extremo 5' de su genoma y una ARN polimerasa ARN dependiente de ARN (RdRp) conservada.
- El análisis de la secuencia génica RdRp es un método confiable para clasificar los virus picorna-como y comprender su diversidad.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la diversidad de los virus picorna-como en los entornos marinos.
- Para identificar nuevos virus similares a la picorna y sus posibles huéspedes.
- Evaluar el impacto ecológico y económico de los virus marinos similares a la picorna.
Principales métodos:
- Amplificación y análisis de secuencias genéticas de ARN polimerasa ARN dependiente de ARN (RdRp) de comunidades de virus marinos.
- Análisis filogenético de secuencias RdRp para determinar la diversidad y las relaciones virales.
- Aislamiento y caracterización de un virus similar al picorna marino y prueba de su patogenicidad contra algas marinas.
Principales resultados:
- Se descubrió una amplia gama de virus similares a la picorna previamente desconocidos en entornos marinos.
- Las secuencias se agruparon en cuatro grupos monofiléticos distintos, lo que sugiere al menos dos nuevas familias de virus similares a picorna.
- Un virus aislado de un grupo fue identificado como un patógeno lítico de *Heterosigma akashiwo*, una especie dañina que forma floraciones de algas.
Conclusiones:
- El océano alberga una diversidad significativa y en gran parte no caracterizada de virus similares a la picorna.
- Estos virus marinos representan potencialmente nuevas familias virales y juegan un papel en la regulación de las poblaciones microbianas marinas.
- Los virus similares al picornavirus son patógenos significativos del fitoplancton marino, con implicaciones para los ecosistemas marinos y la acuicultura.
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