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Efecto de la formación en comunicaciones en el rendimiento de los estudiantes de medicina
Michael J Yedidia1, Colleen C Gillespie, Elizabeth Kachur
1Center for Health and Public Service Research, Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, and School of Medicine, New York University, and Medical Education Development, New York City, NY 10003, USA. michael.yedidia@nyu.edu
JAMA
|September 4, 2003
Resumen
La capacitación en comunicación de los estudiantes de medicina mejoró significativamente las habilidades esenciales como la evaluación del paciente y la construcción de relaciones. Esta competencia de comunicación mejorada es crucial para mejores resultados y satisfacción del paciente.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Educación médica y educación médica.
- Profesiones de la salud Educación Profesiones educativas
- Capacitación en habilidades de comunicación Formación en habilidades de comunicación
Sus antecedentes:
- Las habilidades de comunicación del médico impactan en los resultados y la satisfacción del paciente.
- La capacitación en habilidades de comunicación no se integra de manera consistente ni se evalúa rigurosamente en los planes de estudio médicos.
- Hay una necesidad de ensayos controlados a gran escala para evaluar la efectividad de dicho entrenamiento.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar si la capacitación en comunicación para estudiantes de medicina mejora las competencias específicas vitales para la atención al paciente.
- Determinar el impacto de un plan de estudios de comunicación estructurada en las medidas objetivas del rendimiento del estudiante.
Principales métodos:
- Se implementó un plan de estudios de comunicación en tres escuelas de medicina de los Estados Unidos.
- Los exámenes clínicos estructurados objetivos (OSCE) evaluaron a los estudiantes antes y después de la intervención.
- Los pacientes estandarizados evaluaron 21 habilidades en cinco tareas clave de atención al paciente.
Principales resultados:
- Los estudiantes que recibieron capacitación en comunicación superaron significativamente al grupo de control en las puntuaciones generales de la OSCE (65,4% frente a 60,4%).
- Se observaron mejoras en el desarrollo de relaciones, la organización, la evaluación del paciente y las habilidades de negociación.
- Los efectos positivos fueron consistentes en las tres escuelas de medicina participantes.
Conclusiones:
- Los planes de estudio de comunicación basados en un modelo educativo establecido mejoran efectivamente la competencia de comunicación de los estudiantes de medicina.
- Las habilidades mejoradas en la construcción de relaciones, la evaluación y la toma de decisiones están vinculadas a mejores resultados para los pacientes.
- La intervención demostró efectividad a pesar de las adaptaciones a los planes de estudio y la cultura locales.
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