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Convección de todo el manto y el filtro de agua de la zona de transición
David Bercovici1, Shun-Ichiro Karato
1Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, PO Box 208109, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8109, USA. david.bercovici@yale.edu
Nature
|September 5, 2003
Resumen
El manto de la Tierra puede no tener depósitos aislados. En cambio, un modelo de filtro de agua en la discontinuidad de 410 km explica las diferencias geoquímicas en los basaltos, reconciliando datos geológicos y geofísicos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geoquímica es la geoquímica.
- La geofísica es la geofísica.
- Petrología del manto Petrología del manto
Sus antecedentes:
- Las distintas firmas químicas de los basaltos de las islas oceánicas (OIB) y los basaltos de la cordillera oceánica media (MORB) tradicionalmente sugieren depósitos aislados del manto.
- Los modelos existentes de reservorios del manto se alinean con los datos geoquímicos, pero entran en conflicto con las observaciones geofísicas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Proponer un modelo alternativo para la génesis del magma basáltico.
- Para explicar las variaciones geoquímicas en los basaltos utilizando un mecanismo de filtrado del manto.
- Para conciliar las discrepancias geoquímicas y geofísicas en los estudios del manto.
Principales métodos:
- Modelado conceptual de los procesos del manto en la discontinuidad de 410 km.
- Análisis de la fusión parcial inducida por la deshidratación y el filtrado de elementos.
- Hipotetizando el papel de la solubilidad en agua en la zona de transición del manto.
Principales resultados:
- Se propone un modelo de filtro de agua de zona de transición, donde la fusión inducida por la deshidratación a 410 km separa elementos incompatibles.
- El manto filtrado y seco asciende para formar fuentes MORB.
- Los residuos de fusión enriquecidos quedan atrapados en la discontinuidad de 410 km, lo que podría influir en las fuentes de OIB y en la formación temprana de la corteza.
Conclusiones:
- El modelo de filtro de agua de la zona de transición proporciona una explicación unificada para las firmas geoquímicas OIB y MORB.
- Este modelo resuelve los conflictos entre los datos geoquímicos y geofísicos, desafiando el concepto de reservorio de manto aislado.
- El modelo también explica las firmas enriquecidas en la OIB y la corteza continental temprana, y las variaciones en los procesos del manto arcaico.
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