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State of the Art Cranial Ultrasound Imaging in Neonates
Published on: February 2, 2015
Ultrasonografía de rutina en el útero y rendimiento escolar a los 8-9 años de edad
K A Salvesen1, L S Bakketeig, S H Eik-nes
1Department of Community Medicine and General Practice, University of Trondheim, Norway.
Lancet (London, England)
|January 11, 1992
Resumen
El cribado de ultrasonido prenatal de rutina no afecta las habilidades de lectura y escritura de los niños. Un estudio no encontró diferencias significativas en el rendimiento académico o las tasas de dislexia entre los niños expuestos a ultrasonido in utero y los que no lo fueron.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Obstetricia y Ginecología.
- Pediatría del desarrollo Pediatría del desarrollo.
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
Sus antecedentes:
- La ecografía de diagnóstico es común en los países desarrollados, lo que plantea preocupaciones sobre el posible daño fetal.
- La ecografía de rutina se realiza durante los períodos críticos de desarrollo cerebral fetal (16-22 semanas), lo que lleva a investigar los efectos sobre la migración neuronal.
- Investigaciones anteriores no han establecido definitivamente un vínculo entre la exposición prenatal a ultrasonido y los resultados cognitivos o académicos a largo plazo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre la ultrasonografía de diagnóstico in utero de rutina y el desarrollo de las habilidades de lectura y escritura en niños de primaria.
- Evaluar los efectos potenciales de la exposición prenatal al ultrasonido en el rendimiento académico y la prevalencia de la dislexia.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio de seguimiento de niños (de 8 a 9 años) de dos ensayos controlados aleatorios de ultrasonografía prenatal de rutina en Noruega (1979-1981).
- El rendimiento escolar informado por el maestro (lectura, ortografía, aritmética, en general) en una escala de 1 a 7 para los niños de 2011 (83% de seguimiento).
- Pruebas específicas de dislexia en un subgrupo de 603 niños, evaluando la lectura, la ortografía, la inteligencia y las discrepancias.
Principales resultados:
- No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el rendimiento escolar evaluado por los maestros entre los niños expuestos a ultrasonido prenatal de rutina y los controles.
- Las pruebas de dislexia no revelaron diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones de lectura, ortografía o inteligencia entre los grupos examinados y de control.
- La prevalencia de dislexia fue similar en ambos grupos: 7% en el grupo examinado y 9% en el grupo de control.
Conclusiones:
- La ultrasonografía de diagnóstico de rutina durante el embarazo no se asocia con efectos adversos en las habilidades de lectura y escritura en niños de primaria.
- El cribado de ultrasonido prenatal no parece aumentar el riesgo de un bajo rendimiento académico o dislexia.
- La evidencia actual sugiere que los exámenes de ultrasonido fetales de rutina son seguros con respecto al desarrollo posterior de la alfabetización.
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