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El virus de la hepatitis B y el fulminante aparente de las hepatitis no A, no B
T L Wright1, D Mamish, C Combs
1Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121.
Lancet (London, England)
|April 18, 1992
Resumen
Se detectó ADN del virus de la hepatitis B (VHB) en muestras de hígado de pacientes con hepatitis no A, no B, lo que sugiere que el VHB puede causar insuficiencia hepática fulminante incluso sin evidencia serológica de infección.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Hepatología Hepatología.
- Virología Virología.
- Trasplante trasplante trasplante trasplante
Sus antecedentes:
- La etiología de la insuficiencia hepática fulminante (FHF) a menudo no está clara, particularmente en los casos de hepatitis no A, no B.
- El virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) no se considera una causa de FHF, dejando el agente causal desconocido.
- La infección por el virus de la hepatitis B (VHB) es una causa significativa de insuficiencia hepática aguda a nivel mundial.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el papel del virus de la hepatitis B (VHB) en pacientes con insuficiencia hepática aguda y hepatitis no A, no B.
- Para determinar la presencia de ADN del VHB en muestras de suero y hígado utilizando técnicas moleculares sensibles.
- Evaluar la utilidad diagnóstica de los marcadores serológicos frente a la PCR para la detección del VHB en FHF.
Principales métodos:
- Prospectiva de recolección de muestras de suero y hígado de 26 pacientes con insuficiencia hepática aguda sometidos a trasplante de hígado.
- Reacción en cadena de polimerasa (PCR) en dos pasos para detectar el ADN del VHB en el suero y los tejidos hepáticos.
- Se evaluaron el virus de la hepatitis A (VHA) y los marcadores serológicos del VHB.
- Detección de ARN del VHC utilizando PCR en muestras de pre-trasplante.
Principales resultados:
- El ADN del VHB estaba ausente en el suero previo al trasplante de los 26 pacientes.
- En 17 pacientes con hepatitis no A, no B, el ADN del VHB se detectó en muestras de hígado de 6 (35%).
- El ADN del VHB no se encontró en muestras hepáticas de pacientes con VHA o insuficiencia hepática aguda inducida por toxinas.
- El ARN del VHC no se detectó en ninguna muestra previa al trasplante.
- Después del trasplante, se detectó ADN del HBV sérico en 7 de 17 pacientes con aparente hepatitis no A, no B.
Conclusiones:
- El virus de la hepatitis B (VHB) es una causa potencial común de insuficiencia hepática fulminante (FHF) en pacientes que se presentan como hepatitis no A, no B.
- Las pruebas serológicas estándar pueden subestimar el papel del VHB en la FHF.
- La detección sensible por PCR del ADN del VHB en el tejido hepático es crucial para diagnosticar FHF de etiología desconocida.
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