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Mortalidad por tabaco en países desarrollados: estimación indirecta a partir de estadísticas vitales nacionales
1Imperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Infirmary, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|June 2, 1992
Resumen
Fumar cigarrillos causa millones de muertes prematuras cada año en los países desarrollados, por lo que es la principal causa de mortalidad prevenible. Se prevé que esta tendencia aumente, afectando a más del 20% de la población.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- El control del tabaco para el control del tabaco.
Sus antecedentes:
- El consumo prolongado de cigarrillos es una de las principales causas de mortalidad, contribuyendo a muertes más allá del cáncer de pulmón.
- Estimar la mortalidad relacionada con el tabaco es crucial para las intervenciones de salud pública.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Estimar el número anual de muertes atribuibles al tabaco en los países desarrollados desde 1965 hasta 1995.
- Evaluar la proporción de muertes prematuras causadas por el tabaco en los países desarrollados durante la década de 1990.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó las tasas de cáncer de pulmón específicas por edad y sexo como un sustituto de las muertes atribuibles al tabaco por diversas enfermedades.
- Se aplicó una estimación conservadora (la mitad de un gran estudio prospectivo) para el exceso de mortalidad por enfermedades no relacionadas con el cáncer de pulmón debidas al tabaquismo.
- Se extrapolaron datos nacionales de mortalidad de 1975 y 1985 para estimar las cifras de 1995.
Principales resultados:
- Las muertes anuales relacionadas con el tabaco en los países desarrollados aumentaron de 0,9 millones en 1965 a 2,1 millones en 1995.
- Durante la década de 1990, se proyectó que el tabaco causaría el 30% de las muertes en el grupo de edad de 35 a 69 años, lo que lo convierte en la mayor causa de muerte prematura.
- Se espera que más del 20% de la población actual en los países desarrollados sea asesinada por el tabaco.
Conclusiones:
- El consumo de tabaco es una causa importante y creciente de mortalidad prematura en las naciones desarrolladas.
- Una parte significativa de las muertes, especialmente entre los adultos más jóvenes, se pueden prevenir mediante el abandono del tabaquismo.
- Los patrones actuales de tabaquismo indican una carga futura sustancial de muertes relacionadas con el tabaco.
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