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El ATP media la rápida transmisión sináptica en las neuronas de los mamíferos
R J Evans1, V Derkach, A Surprenant
1Vollum Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201.
Nature
|June 11, 1992
Resumen
El trifosfato de adenosina (ATP) actúa como un neurotransmisor excitatorio rápido en el ganglio celíaco. Los investigadores confirmaron el papel del ATP al observar sus efectos en los potenciales y corrientes sinápticos, distintos de otros neurotransmisores.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Biología celular Biología celular.
- Neurotransmisión de las neuronas.
Sus antecedentes:
- El trifosfato de adenosina (ATP) es conocido por sus funciones intracelulares, pero también interactúa con los receptores de la superficie celular.
- Los purinoceptores P2X son receptores de la superficie celular que se propone que funcionen como canales catiónicos ligandos.
- Los receptores P2X están presentes en varias neuronas, lo que sugiere un papel potencial para el ATP como un neurotransmisor excitatorio rápido.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el papel del ATP como neurotransmisor en la sinapsis neuroneuronal en las neuronas ganglionares celíacas cultivadas.
- Para determinar si el ATP imita la neurotransmisión endógena en esta vía neuronal específica.
Principales métodos:
- Se registraron los potenciales y corrientes sinápticos excitatorios de las neuronas ganglionares celíacas cultivadas.
- Se administró ATP y se observaron sus efectos sobre la actividad sináptica.
- Se utilizaron antagonistas específicos (suramina) y agonistas (alfa, beta-metileno-ATP) para caracterizar el receptor involucrado.
- Se probaron los efectos de los antagonistas para otros receptores de neurotransmisores (nicotínicos, serotoninérgicos, glutamatérgicos, GABAérgicos, adrenérgicos, adenosinergicos).
Principales resultados:
- La aplicación de ATP imitaba los potenciales y corrientes sinápticos excitatorios observados.
- Los efectos del ATP fueron bloqueados por el antagonista del P2-purinoceptor suramin.
- Se observó desensibilización con alfa, beta-metileno-ATP, un conocido agonista del receptor P2X.
- Los antagonistas de otros receptores principales de neurotransmisores no afectaron la actividad sináptica, descartando su participación.
Conclusiones:
- El ATP funciona como el neurotransmisor endógeno en la sinapsis neuroneuronal estudiada en el ganglio celíaco.
- Este hallazgo identifica un papel específico para la neurotransmisión purinérgica en los ganglios autónomos.
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