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Asociación de los hábitos de sueño-vigilia en las personas mayores con cambios en la salida del marcapasos circadiano
C A Czeisler1, M Dumont, J F Duffy
1Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5817.
Lancet (London, England)
|October 17, 1992
Resumen
Los patrones de sueño cambian con la edad debido a alteraciones en el cuerpo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Cronobiología cronobiología.
- Gerontología Gerontología.
- Medicina del sueño Medicina del sueño.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las personas mayores con frecuencia informan de trastornos del sueño, aunque la necesidad de dormir no disminuye con la edad.
- Se observan cambios relacionados con la edad en el horario y la consolidación del sueño.
- Los mecanismos subyacentes, en particular los cambios en el marcapasos circadiano, requieren investigación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar los cambios relacionados con la edad en la salida del marcapasos circadiano humano.
- Evaluar si las alteraciones en la amplitud y fase del ritmo circadiano se correlacionan con el envejecimiento.
- Para explorar la relación entre la función del marcapasos circadiano y los trastornos del sueño en los ancianos.
Principales métodos:
- Medición continua de la temperatura corporal central durante 40 horas de vigilia sostenida.
- Se mantuvieron constantes las condiciones conductuales y ambientales.
- Comparación de la fase y amplitud de la oscilación endógena circadiana de la temperatura (ECA) entre adultos jóvenes y personas mayores.
Principales resultados:
- La amplitud media de la ECA fue un 40% menor en los individuos mayores en comparación con los adultos jóvenes.
- Las personas mayores exhibieron una fase endógena anterior de oscilación de la temperatura circadiana (ECP) en aproximadamente 2 horas.
- Se observó una disminución en la precisión de la correlación entre el tiempo de vigilia habitual y la ECP con la edad, especialmente en las mujeres.
Conclusiones:
- Se identificaron cambios sistemáticos relacionados con la edad en la salida del marcapasos circadiano humano.
- Es probable que estas alteraciones circadianas contribuyan a los trastornos del sueño comunes informados por los ancianos.
- Potencial vínculo entre estos cambios y el deterioro relacionado con la edad de los núcleos hipotalámicos que regulan los ritmos circadianos.
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